Liberty University HIUS 222 quiz 1 solutions answers right

Liberty University HIUS 222 content quiz 1 solutions answers right

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Question 1

Which statement best describes the outcome of the Compromise of 1877?

Question 2

Who were carpetbaggers?

Question 3

Why was the Fifteenth Amendment not as effective as it could have been in the enfranchisement of African Americans?

Question 4

President Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction was

Question 5

A prominent figure in promoting the New South economy was

Question 6

In what sense were the Black Codes a return to the practice of slavery?

Question 7

Special Field Order No. 15 promised 40acre plots and a mule every former slave in the Confederacy.

Question 8

Founded in 1871, Birmingham, Alabama soon became a leading producer of

Question 9

The legend of the Lost Cause helped Southerners cope with their defeat in the Civil War.

Question 10

How did the railroad benefit Western farmers MOST?

Question 11

What caused hardships for wheat farmers on the Plains in the 1880s?

Question 12

What happened at Wounded Knee, South Dakota in 1890?

Question 13

Which topic is likely to be stressed by a New Western historian?

Question 14

Who profited most from Western mining booms?

Question 15

Where did cattle ranching and cattle drives originate?

Question 16

In educating Native American children as required by the Dawes Severalty Act, the government opted to establish

Question 17

Though Western farmers generally benefited from the railroads, the passage of “Granger Laws” in the 1870s revealed tension in the relationship.

Question 18

American forces commanded by George Armstrong Custer were overwhelmed in

Question 19

Which senator led the Radical Republicans in resisting Andrew Johnson?

Question 20

Native American land shrank rapidly from 1850 to 1890.

Question 21

Who invented a plow that was strong enough to till the soil of the Great Plains?

Question 22

East finally met West on May 10, 1869 when the transcontinental railroad was completed.

Question 23

According to recent estimates, how many Americans died in the Civil War?

Question 24

Which Gospel writer argued, “Inasmuch as many have undertaken to compile an account of the things accomplished among us, just as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word have handed them down to us, it seems fitting for me as well, having investigated everything carefully from the beginning, to write it out for you in consecutive order…; so that you might know the exact truth about the things you have been taught.”?

Question 25

How many military occupation zones did the North use to govern the South as part of Reconstruction?

Question 1

In 1867, the majority of the delegates elected to state constitutional conventions in the South were

   Klansmen.

   freedmen.

   Democrats.

   white Republicans.

   carpetbaggers.

Question 2

The corruption scandal related to government-subsidized railroads was known as

   the Credit Mobilier scandal.

   the Amnesty Act scandal.

   the Belknap bribery scandal.

   the "Whiskey Ring" scandal.

   the "Black Friday" scandal.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

   Congressional Republicans would decide the terms for readmission of the seceded states.

   Full political and civil equality for African Americans would be guaranteed.

   The imposition of harsh penalties against Southerners should be prioritized over reunification of the Union.

   Amnesty would be granted automatically even to Southerners who had willingly aided the Confederacy.

   Pardon would be granted to all Southerners who took an oath to the Union.

Question 4

President Grant was re-elected in the 1872 presidential election despite

   the scandals that shook his administration.

   the looming economic crisis.

   his tenacious though unpopular support of Reconstruction.

   the widespread popularity of opposition candidate Horace Greeley.

   his decision to align himself with the Liberal Republicans.

Question 5

Why was the Fifteenth Amendment not as effective as it could have been in the enfranchisement of African Americans?

   The amendment stated that suffrage could not be denied or abridged because of certain conditions, so Southerners found other reasons to deny African Americans the right to vote.

   The amendment allowed states to establish property requirements for suffrage, and at the time most African Americans did not own land or property.

   The amendment used flowery, indirect language that was too vague and therefore very easy to undermine.

   The amendment established a poll tax, which many African Americans were unable to afford.

   The amendment granted suffrage only to African American men, and not to African American women, even though white women had already been granted suffrage in several states.

Question 6

The Wade-Davis Bill was rendered ineffective when

   President Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill.

   the bill did not gain enough Northern votes for passage.

   Radical Republicans rejected the plan as too lenient.

   abolitionist leaders withdrew their support for the bill.

   Southerners proclaimed their adamant refusal to enact it.

Question 7

The Redeemers portrayed themselves as

   the leaders who had saved the Union from Confederate treason.

   the loyal supporters of Ulysses S. Grant.

   the protectors of freedmen.

   the saviors of the South from the injustices of Republican rule.

   the valiant enforcers of the Constitution and states' rights.

Question 8

One of the immediate goals of African American colleges was

   to produce lawyers to defend African Americans against vagrancy laws.

   to train teachers in order to encourage literacy among African Americans.

   to educate ministers to tend to the spiritual needs of the black community.

   to train businessmen to provide the black community with greater economic power.

   to instruct politicians to enact legislation beneficial to African Americans.

Question 9

In what way did the Mississippi plantations owned by Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his brother Joseph become a model?

   Former slaves pursued their education while continuing to work the land.

   Former slaves were paid, but were otherwise limited in their autonomy.

   Former slaves employed whites as laborers.

   Former slaves leased the land to whites and lived off the profits.

   Former slaves ran the plantations autonomously.

Question 10

0 / 1 pts

During Reconstruction, the Freedmen's Bureau was able to

   convince many Southern whites to join the Republican Party.

   greatly increase the number of literate freedmen.

   distribute 40-acre plots to all ex-slaves who wanted land.

   protect the rights of African Americans even despite the Black Codes.

   repress much of the violence committed against ex-slaves.

Question 11

President Andrew Johnson signed the Reconstruction Acts into law in 1867.

   True

   False

Question 12

President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction included a full pardon for all Confederate military officers and officials.

   True

   False

Question 13

President Lincoln threw his full support behind the Wade-Davis Bill.

   True

   False

Question 14

Most scalawags came from the less-developed backcountry regions of the South.

   True

   False

Question 15

Rutherford B. Hayes won the 1876 presidential election in a decisive victory.

   True

   False

Question 16

Mark Twain's novels were marked by their celebration of

   adventure and individualism.

   the lives of Western miners.

   the cowboy.

   the European past.

   Native American culture.

Question 17

In educating Native American children as required by the Dawes Severalty Act, the government opted to establish

   on-reservation schools with a traditional public school curriculum taught in tribal languages.

   a major university dedicated solely to training Indian educators and leaders.

   off-reservation boarding schools where children were required to abandon their Native American ways.

   on-reservation schools primarily dedicated to converting children to Christianity.

   on-reservation schools with a traditional public school curriculum designed to supplant tribal culture.

Question 18

It took months for U.S. troops to capture a small band of Apaches led by

   Crazy Horse.

   Geronimo.

   Red Cloud.

   Sitting Bull.

   Chief Joseph.

Question 19

The Central Pacific Railroad began its work on the transcontinental railroad in

   Chicago.

   California.

   Washington.

   Oregon.

   British Columbia.

Question 20

According to his Frontier Thesis, Frederick Jackson Turner proposed all of the following of the western frontier EXCEPT that

   it fostered a valuing of democracy.

   it was closed by the year 1890.

   it encouraged individualism and innovation.

   it contributed to the creation of a classless society.

   its presence was significant even to the first colonists.

Question 21

This monument commemorating the Native Americans who fell at the Battle of Little Bighorn celebrates the unity of the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho warriors even as it symbolically portrays

   their savagery in war.

   their aggression against white settlers.

  how Americans have relied on an incomplete and overly simplistic understanding of the history of the American West.

   the environmental destruction of their native lands.

You Answered

   the loss of their culture.

Question 22

How did the railroad benefit Western farmers MOST?

   It enabled them to get their products to market.

   It provided employment during the off-season.

   It enabled them to migrate to more remote areas of the West.

   It gave them access to manufactured goods.

   It provided an escape from their isolation.

Question 23

"Buffalo Bill's Wild West" was popular for all the following reasons EXCEPT that

   it provided an accurate representation of the West.

   it featured Indians such as Sitting Bull.

   it grew increasingly elaborate.

   it included big-name stars like Annie Oakley.

   it seemed to give Americans a way to experience the West.

Question 24

The treatment of both Native Americans and the environment revealed what about Western settlement?

   its unreliable pursuit of good intentions

   its valuing of agriculture above all else

   its disdain for tradition and the past

   its gradual turn toward thoughtful stewardship

   its narrow focus on exploitation and gain

Question 25

Who profited most from Western mining booms?

   corporate mining operations

   saloon owners

   the initial prospectors

   wage-earning miners

   boomtown construction workers

Question 26

East finally met West on May 10, 1869 when the transcontinental railroad was completed.

   True

   False

Question 27

The Battle of Little Bighorn was a crushing defeat for Custer and his men, but propaganda in the East nevertheless portrayed the American soldiers as valiant.

   True

   False

Question 28

The "Exodusters" were African Americans who moved West to escape violence and poverty in the South.

   True

   False

Question 29

Whereas mining in the West was devastating to the environment, Western agriculture was generally beneficial to ecosystems.

   True

   False

Question 30

The American cowboy owes much of his culture and traditions to Mexican vaqueros.

   True

   False

Question 31

The "Great Uprising" of 1877 was a general strike against the nation's

   textile industry.

   coal-mining operations.

   tobacco companies.

   steel manufacturers.

   railroad companies.

Question 32

The first big business in the United States was the

   coal industry.

   railroad industry.

   steel industry.

   cattle industry.

   textile industry.

Question 33

Which of the following best characterizes the stories of Horatio Alger?

   They served as barely concealed pro-union propaganda.

   They reinforced the ideal of the self-made man.

   They represented the new trend toward realism in literature.

   They were aimed at an African-American audience.

   They were critical of capitalism.

Question 34

After the Civil War, a leading trend in business was the increase in exports of

   agricultural products.

   fashion.

   oil.

   raw materials.

   manufactured goods.

Question 35

What is the difference between vertical integration and horizontal integration?

   Vertical integration involves the abuse of conventional ethnics whereas horizontal integration is illegal.

   Andrew Carnegie deemed vertical integration unethical whereas he endorsed horizontal integration.

   Vertical integration involves control of all phases of production whereas horizontal integration involves buying out rival companies producing the same product.

   Companies employing horizontal integration generally follow fair labor practices whereas those employing vertical integration typically exploit their workers.

   The focus of horizontal integration is on controlling raw materials whereas the focus of vertical integration is on the finished product.

Question 36

Two cases, Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois and Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad, demonstrated that the Supreme Court in 1886 was

   primarily conservative and supported big business.

   primarily progressive and supported labor unions.

   primarily conservative but opposed big business.

   primarily progressive but opposed labor unions.

   primarily populist and supported farmers.

Question 37

In writing about "the modern emblem of motion and power-the pulse of the continent," Walt Whitman was celebrating late nineteenth-century

   railroads.

   farms.

   roadways.

   factories.

   waterways.

Question 38

What is ironic about this drawing portraying the experiences of female workers?

   It portrays female workers as impoverished, but most working women actually earned good wages.

  It portrays a female worker as the object of a foreman's contempt, but most women were actually regarded as ideal employees.

   It portrays female workers as hardworking, but few women were actually employed in industry.

   It portrays female workers with empathy, although women were actually unwelcome in most unions.

   It portrays female workers as exhausted, but most women actually worked few hours.

Question 39

How did the Knights of Labor differ from other nineteenth-century labor organizations?

   It was generally favored by the public.

   It was inclusive in its membership.

   It called for the government to create bureaus of labor.

   It fought for the eight-hour workday.

   It employed strikes to further its cause.

Question 40

Regarding the increase in female workers, most Americans believed that

   national legislation would most likely ensure equal pay.

   social and political equality was sure to follow as more women went to work.

   married women should leave the paid workforce.

   day care centers should be established to help working women.

   women deserved more pay if they were employed as professionals.

Question 41

Edward Bellamy's novel Looking Backward, 2000-1887 criticized laissez-faire capitalism.

   True

   False

Question 42

In 1901, Andrew Carnegie sold his empire for $400 million then donated most of the money to various causes.

   True

   False

Question 43

In the late nineteenth century, periods of economic growth and prosperity were interrupted by severe depressions and recessions.

   True

   False

Question 44

Thomas Nast's political cartoons argued for increased government regulation in the business sector.

  True

   False

Question 45

New machines transformed shoemaking from a skilled trade to a low-skilled factory job.

   True

   False

Question 46

To entrepreneurs, such pastimes as baseball were business. What does this fact reveal about the new concept of leisure time?

   It was rejected by the elite as slothful.

   It provided opportunities for some to make money.

   It could be enjoyed only by the wealthy.

   It had little to do with actual leisure.

   It was likely to be a short-lived trend.

Question 47

Residential suburbs primarily attracted

   industrial magnates.

   new immigrants.

   the nouveau riche.

   middle-class families.

   unskilled laborers.

Question 48

The City Beautiful Movement was comprised of

   activists fighting to improve cleanliness and sanitation in working-class neighborhoods.

   reformers working to ameliorate the lives of the urban poor.

   nativists striving to limit immigration to the United States.

   architects and urban planners hoping to improve urban life through design.

   state and federal leaders trying to put an end to urban corruption.

Question 49

William Jennings Bryan's famous "cross of gold" speech addressed which issue?

   railroad rates

   currency reform

   universal suffrage

   urban reform

   race relations

Question 50

What resulted from the protests of Coxey's Army and other similar activists?

   a public outcry over the indignities suffered by laborers

   the violent oppression of such groups by police

   small reforms aimed at regulating business

   the Panic of 1893

   more inaction by the government

Question 51

What factored into the migration of Americans from rural to urban areas?

   severe drought

   technological innovations

   the growth of suburbs

   the lure of high-paid occupations

   the widespread loss of farmland to industry

Question 52

Urban tenement districts were associated with

   a range of classes living side by side.

   filth and disease.

   relative prosperity.

   crowded but inexpensive apartments.

   low crime rates.

Question 53

This 1899 political cartoon by Thomas Nast warned against

   the corruption of "boss" rule in the cities.

   the rise of political radicalism.

   the rise of monopolies and trusts.

   the danger of the Populist agenda.

   the dangers of unrestricted immigration.

Question 54

Which statement would most likely have been said by a nativist?

   "The nation's purity is being ruined by Catholics and undesirable foreigners."

   "Labor must organize across ethnic lines to achieve justice and equality."

   "It is important to improve living conditions in poor, immigrant neighborhoods."

   "The workers' movement must be global and cannot be restricted to local concerns."

   "The needs of the working-class outweigh the desires of industrialists."

Question 55

What did proponents of "soft money" advocate?

   unlimited spending on election campaigns

   deficit spending by the federal government

   backing currency with gold

   deregulating campaign contributions

   issuing more currency

Question 56

The number of immigrants arriving in the United States from the United Kingdom and Ireland increased throughout the Gilded Age.

   True

   False

Question 57

Presidential elections of the Gilded Age were characterized by landslide victories.

   True

   False

Question 58

1 / 1 pts

New immigrants often chose to live together in concentrated ethnic enclaves within cities.

   True

   False

Question 59

Popular entertainment spread throughout the nation via published sheet music and touring companies.

   True

   False

Question 60

The term "New Woman" was primarily used to describe immigrant women who came to the United States in the late nineteenth century.

   True

   False

1.   During the 1868 election, what was the public's general impression of Ulysses S. Grant?

A)  He was celebrated as the voice of moderation.
B) He was derided for involvement in a variety of scandals.
C) He was dismissed as a weak, ineffectual leader.
D) He was discounted due to his bitter partisanship.
E) He was embraced for his rejection of Reconstruction.

2.   The term "Jim Crow" referred to

A)  the Southern system of segregation and black disenfranchisement.
B) African American sharecroppers.
C) the small group of Southern African Americans who managed to retain the vote.
D) the emergence of such white supremacist groups as the Ku Klux Klan.
E) the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.

3.   Why did freedmen assert that they were owed land?

A)  They saw Southern property as the product of both their and their ancestors' unpaid labor.
B) They believed that it would be fair compensation for their military service.
C) They feared that property requirements for suffrage would be reestablished.
D) They sought it as renumeration for the race-based violence of Southern whites.
E) Their views of property ownership were akin to those of Native Americans.

4.   What does the image Heroes of the Colored Race represent about middle-class African Americans?

A)  They looked to their history to cultivate their hopes for the future.
B) They saw African American achievement as a thing of the past.
C) They perceived themselves as superior to poor African Americans.
D) They placed greater hope in insurrection than in education.
E) They were searching for a great man to save their people.

5.   The drawing The Black Codes in Action depicts the practice of

A)  auctioning off the service of black men who were convicted of vagrancy.
B) terrorizing and lynching African American men by white supremacists.
C) reestablishing the gang labor system through mass convictions of vagrancy.
D) allowing freedmen to rent land only in rural areas.
E) using the Black Codes to prevent black people from traveling across the South.

6.   The House of Representatives voted to impeach President Johnson because

A)  he removed the Secretary of War without their approval.
B) he dismissed officers in the Southern military districts.
C) he attempted to abolish the Freedmen's Bureau.
D) he vetoed the Reconstruction Acts.
E) he refused to sign the Tenure of Office Act.

7.   What do the maps of the Barrow Plantation suggest about the settlement patterns of African American tenant farmers?

A)  Their housing was no longer confined to narrow areas of a plantation.
B) Such institutions as churches and schools played a marginal role in their communitites.
C) They lived with whites in more integrated communities after the war.
D) They took over plantations and encouraged other African Americans to settle alongside them.
E) They were able to secure large plots of land.

8.   President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction was

A)  lenient and designed to restore the Union quickly.
B) far more harsh than President Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan.
C) punitive only to those who held high-ranking positions in the Confederacy.
D) constructed so as to allow Southerners to restablish a state of quasi-slavery.
E) intended to provide equal rights for African Americans.

9.   Which statement best describes how the situation depicted in Winslow Homer's painting A Visit from the Old Mistressaccords with the myth of the Lost Cause?

A)  The wariness of the African American women belies the idea that racial relations in the "Old South" had been harmonious.
B) The equality between the African American women and their former mistress confirms the idea that whites and blacks alike supported the Confederacy.
C) The fact that the former mistress is alone belies the idea that Southern gentlemen were chivalrous and protective of ladies.
D) The apparent prosperity of the African American women confirms the idea that they lived well when enslaved.
E) The graciousness of the former mistress confirms the idea that white Southerners were largely benevolent toward their slaves.

10.  The shift in public opinion toward African American rights was embodied in Horace Greeley's

A)  strident editorials.
B) political cartoons.
C) economic policies.
D) legislative efforts.
E) abolitionist pamphlets.

11.  Who were carpetbaggers?

A)  Northerners who moved south after the Civil War
B) white Southerners who voted Republican
C) poor backcountry whites
D) African Americans who exercised their right to vote
E) Republican leaders from the South

12.  What combination of factors accounted for the ultimate abandonment of Reconstruction?

A)  weak presidential leadership, the waning engagement of Northerners, and the violence and legal machinations of white Southerners
B) the leniency of Congress in admitting former Confederate states to the Union and the success of the New South economy
C) the migration of African Americans from the South to the North and the preference for sharecropping among those who remained
D) the failures of Congress to pass legislation to support civil rights and the inability of blacks to vote for delegates to state constitutional conventions
E) the nationwide acceptance of the myth of the Lost Cause, the pardoning of Confederate leadership, and the continuing poverty of Southern African Americans

13.  In what sense were the Black Codes a return to the practice of slavery?

A)  They severely limited the legal and economic rights of former slaves.
B) They encouraged white terrorist organizations to attack African Americans.
C) They restricted African Americans to their former plantations.
D) They permitted the auctioning of black workers into permanent contracts.
E) They forced many former slaves to work for whites for free.

14.  Founded in 1871, Birmingham, Alabama soon became a leading producer of

A)  iron and steel.
B) tobacco and cigarettes.
C) lumber.
D) textiles.
E) cash crops such as sugar, rice, and cotton.

15.  One of the immediate goals of African American colleges was

A)  to train teachers in order to encourage literacy among African Americans.
B) to produce lawyers to defend African Americans against vagrancy laws.
C) to educate ministers to tend to the spiritual needs of the black community.
D) to train businessmen to provide the black community with greater economic power.
E) to instruct politicians to enact legislation beneficial to African Americans.

16.  During Reconstruction, the Freedmen's Bureau was able to

A)  greatly increase the number of literate freedmen.
B) protect the rights of African Americans even despite the Black Codes.
C) repress much of the violence committed against ex-slaves.
D) convince many Southern whites to join the Republican Party.
E) distribute 40-acre plots to all ex-slaves who wanted land.

17.  Which of the following was true of the Liberal Republicans during the 1870s?

A)  They broke with their party over Reconstruction.
B) They strengthened the national dominance of the Republican Party.
C) They called for more radical Reconstruction reforms in the South.
D) They rejected ideas that espoused the superiority of whites.
E) They contributed to corruption among Southern state governments.

18.  What resulted from the violence of such groups as the Ku Klux Klan?

A)  African Americans were discouraged from voting.
B) Wealthy Southerners were alienated from poor whites.
C) Alarmed Southerners kept the Republican Party in office.
D) Carpetbaggers were inspired to move South to protect African Americans.
E) The Supreme Court ruled that the suppression of such groups was unconstitutional.

19.  Which statement would most likely have been said by a Radical Republican in 1865?

A)  "The former Confederate states should be punished for secession and slavery."
B) "The Constitution does not allow for secession, therefore the South never actually left the Union."
C) "Northern hypocrisy shall never determine the destiny of the South."
D) "It is with no malice in our hearts that we welcome the return of our Southern brothers."
E) "Southerners were led astray by their leaders and should be treated with leniency."

20.  In 1867, the majority of the delegates elected to state constitutional conventions in the South were

A)  white Republicans.
B) Democrats.
C) freedmen.
D) carpetbaggers.
E) Klansmen.

21.  The romanticizing of antebellum society and the South's loss of the Civil War became known as

A)  the Lost Cause.
B) the New South.
C) the Confederacy.
D) the Tragic Past.
E) the Yankee Advantage.

22.  The organization known as the Freedmen's Bureau was established as

A)  an all-purpose relief agency for the South.
B) a voter registration agency for ex-slaves in the South.
C) a network of shelters for ex-slaves and refugees in the South.
D) an agency organized to keep former slaves on their plantations.
E) an agency aimed at procuring land for ex-slaves to own.

23.  Why was the Fifteenth Amendment not as effective as it could have been in the enfranchisement of African Americans?

A)  The amendment stated that suffrage could not be denied or abridged because of certain conditions, so Southerners found other reasons to deny African Americans the right to vote.
B) The amendment allowed states to establish property requirements for suffrage, and at the time most African Americans did not own land or property.
C) The amendment used flowery, indirect language that was too vague and therefore very easy to undermine.
D) The amendment established a poll tax, which many African Americans were unable to afford.
E) The amendment granted suffrage only to African American men, and not to African American women, even though white women had already been granted suffrage in several states.

24.  On the Sea Islands in the early 1860s, former slaves seemed to aspire to lives as

A)  independent farmers.
B) large plantation owners.
C) Northern wage laborers.
D) paid laborers on Southern farms.
E) artisans and fishers.

25.  The portrayal of the children in the illustration of the Cooke sisters' schoolroom was most likely intended to

A)  counter popular views of African Americans as uncivilized.
B) promote desegregated schools.
C) conceal the actual poverty of most African American children.
D) celebrate the purported subservience of African Americans.
E) demonstrate the superiority of white teachers.

26.  What does this image represent about early test cases for emancipation policies?

A)  The policies often severely curtailed the freedoms of African Americans.
B) Southern whites generally disregarded the policies set by Northerners.
C) African Americans supported whites in enforcing the new policies.
D) Northern officers strived to protect the rights of African Americans.
E) President Lincoln approved of stringent policies.

27.  Which statement best describes the outcome of the Compromise of 1877?

A)  The South gave up the presidency in exchange for more regional autonomy.
B) The Republicans exchanged the presidency for railroad monopolies.
C) The Democrats ultimately lost because of Samuel J. Tilden's unpopularity.
D) Northern apathy resulted in the victory of a Southern Democrat.
E) Southern disillusionment resulted in the creation of military districts.

28.  Churches became the center of African-American life for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that

A)  they were a place to socialize with whites.
B) they ran schools.
C) they provided charity.
D) they created opportunities for self-government.
E) they offered psychological support for daily struggles.

29.  The Wade-Davis Bill was rendered ineffective when

A)  President Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill.
B) abolitionist leaders withdrew their support for the bill.
C) Southerners proclaimed their adamant refusal to enact it.
D) Radical Republicans rejected the plan as too lenient.
E) the bill did not gain enough Northern votes for passage.

30.  In what way did the Mississippi plantations owned by Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his brother Joseph become a model?

A)  Former slaves ran the plantations autonomously.
B) Former slaves employed whites as laborers.
C) Former slaves were paid, but were otherwise limited in their autonomy.
D) Former slaves leased the land to whites and lived off the profits.
E) Former slaves pursued their education while continuing to work the land.

31.  A prominent figure in promoting the New South economy was

A)  newspaper editor Henry Grady.
B) Confederate General Robert E. Lee.
C) Catholic priest Rev. Abram Ryan.
D) African American activist Frederick Douglass.
E) Wall Street titan Jay Gould.

32.  Andrew Johnson was selected as President Lincoln's running mate in the 1864 presidential election in order to appeal to

A)  Southern unionists.
B) Northern radicals.
C) New Englanders.
D) Western frontiersmen.
E) Confederate supporters.

33.  President Grant was re-elected in the 1872 presidential election despite

A)  the scandals that shook his administration.
B) the widespread popularity of opposition candidate Horace Greeley.
C) his tenacious though unpopular support of Reconstruction.
D) his decision to align himself with the Liberal Republicans.
E) the looming economic crisis.

34.  All of the following are true of the 1896 Plessy v. Fergusondecision EXCEPT that

A)  the Supreme Court justices unanimously ruled against Homer A. Plessy.
B) the Supreme Court argued that the Fourteenth Amendment did not establish full racial equality.
C) the decision established the doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal."
D) the ruling became the legal basis for racial segregation laws across the South.
E) the decision stood until it was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.

35.  What was the intent of many Northerners who settled in the South during Reconstruction?

A)  They wanted to create a better life for themselves and settle there permanently.
B) They wanted to acquire confiscated plantations and hire "vagrants" at auctions.
C) They wanted to oppose the Reconstruction agenda of the Radical Republicans.
D) They wanted to ensure that the South would not embrace interracial democracy.
E) They wanted to plunder goods seized by the Union Army and return to the North.

36.  The term Reconstruction referred to

A)  the work to remake both the South and the Union.
B) the work to reform Confederate leadership.
C) the work to find new employment for former slaves.
D) the work to incorporate Western states into the Union.
E) the work to negotiate a treaty between the North and South.

37.  Which of the following best describes President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

A)  Pardon would be granted to all Southerners who took an oath to the Union.
B) Amnesty would be granted automatically even to Southerners who had willingly aided the Confederacy.
C) Congressional Republicans would decide the terms for readmission of the seceded states.
D) The imposition of harsh penalties against Southerners should be prioritized over reunification of the Union.
E) Full political and civil equality for African Americans would be guaranteed.

38.  The Redeemers portrayed themselves as

A)  the saviors of the South from the injustices of Republican rule.
B) the leaders who had saved the Union from Confederate treason.
C) the valiant enforcers of the Constitution and states' rights.
D) the loyal supporters of Ulysses S. Grant.
E) the protectors of freedmen.

39.  The corruption scandal related to government-subsidized railroads was known as

A)  the Credit Mobilier scandal.
B) the "Whiskey Ring" scandal.
C) the "Black Friday" scandal.
D) the Belknap bribery scandal.
E) the Amnesty Act scandal.

40.  In the 1868 presidential campaign, supporters of Democratic candidate Horatio Seymour were linked to

A)  racial violence.
B) Northern aggression.
C) the elite planter class.
D) the scalawag movement.
E) voter fraud.

41.  What crisis marked the presidential election of 1876?

A)  Voting irregularities called 19 electoral votes into question.
B) A split in the Republican Party resulted in confusion regarding the popular vote.
C) Voter fraud plagued Southern districts where black voters attempted to circumvent poll taxes.
D) The presence of federal troops was required to maintain order at the polls throughout the South.
E) Southern Democrats refused to recognize the Northern Democratic candidate.

42.  To inspire newly freed slaves, a Boston Christian organization published the autobiography of

A)  Phillis Wheatley.
B) Frederick Douglass.
C) W. E. B. Du Bois.
D) General O. O. Howard.
E) the Cooke Sisters.

43.  The grandfather clause guaranteed enfranchisement to

A)  any man whose grandfather was eligible to vote before 1867.
B) anyone who fought in the Civil War.
C) any man over the age of 55.
D) anyone who had been a slaveholder.
E) any Southern man who was an officer for the Confederacy.

44.  In the early years of Reconstruction, the majority of teachers who educated Southern freedmen were

A)  white women from the North.
B) newly graduated African American educators.
C) missionaries from the North and South alike.
D) Republican bureaucrats.
E) the ex-slaves themselves.

45.  Why was Abraham Lincoln's Reconstruction policy called the "Ten Percent Plan"?

A)  Former Confederate states could reestablish their governments once 10 percent of voters pledged loyalty to the Union.
B) A 10 percent income tax would be levied on the residents of all former Confederate states.
C) It would forgive all Southerners except for high-ranking officials and military officers and the top 10 percent of the population in terms of wealth.
D) It would have resulted in the imprisonment of about 10 percent of those who had served in the Confederate military.
E) It would set aside 10 percent of Southern land to be granted to freedmen.

46.  Which statement about the Fourteenth Amendment is NOT true?

A)  It permitted former high-ranking Confederates to hold office.
B) It guaranteed all citizens the equal protection of the law.
C) It prohibited financial compensation for former slave owners.
D) It was vehemently opposed by President Johnson.
E) It declared that all persons born in the United States were citizens.

47.  The Panic of 1873 focused Northerners' attention on

A)  such economic issues as currency reform.
B) black enfranchisement.
C) cash crops in the South.
D) white vigilante violence.
E) the development of Southern industry.

48.  What appeared to be most important to President Lincoln in his vision for Reconstruction?

A)  the reunification and healing of North and South
B) justice for Northerners and ex-slaves
C) the pardoning of most Southerners
D) the development of a new economy in the South
E) the establishment of civil rights for African Americans

49.  Frederick Douglass once said that "a little learning, indeed, may be a dangerous thing, but the want of learning is a calamity to any people." Based on this quotation, how might he have regarded the priorities of the Freedmen's Bureau?

A)  as dangerous
B) as necessary
C) as insufficient
D) as misguided
E) as calamitous

50.  What view did the Redeemers take on the role of government?

A)  Government should be small and pro-business.
B) Government should invest in public works and education.
C) Government should both encourage and regulate industry.
D) Government should lift up poor whites in establishing white supremacy.
E) Government should squelch violence and mob rule.

51.  In 1867, Republicans in Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act in an attempt to

A)  weaken the powers of the president.
B) dismantle state governments in the Lower South.
C) prevent the creation of new cabinet positions.
D) guarantee the election of Republicans in the North.
E) impair the judiciary in Southern states.

52.  Special Field Order No. 15 provided

A)  land to freedmen.
B) education to African-American children.
C) jobs to ex-slaves.
D) mobility to Southern blacks.
E) territory for the establishment of black communities.

53.  Why were white Southerners derisive toward scalawags?

A)  They believed scalawags to be traitors to the white race.
B) They resented scalawags for supporting and befriending African Americans.
C) They viewed scalawags as plunderers from the North.
D) They were jealous of the wealth and power scalawags accrued for themselves.
E) They condemned scalawags for their violent, terrorist tactics.

54.  The Black Codes included all of the following EXCEPT

A)  laws preventing blacks from accepting apprenticeships.
B) laws related to vagrancy.
C) laws banning interracial marriage.
D) laws barring blacks from serving on juries.
E) laws restricting freedmen to renting land only in rural areas.

55.  All of the following statements about sharecropping are true EXCEPT that

A)  tenant farmers independently selected the crops that they wanted to cultivate.
B) sharecroppers gave up about one-third to one-half of their harvest to landlords.
C) the practice fostered the economic dependence of Southern blacks.
D) the system allowed the tenants to work at their own pace.
E) many freedmen continued to live on their former masters' land.

1. Despite being a smashing victory, why did the Battle of Chancellorsville come at a heavy price for the Confederacy?

A) General "Stonewall" Jackson was accidentally killed by his own troops.

B) By focusing efforts at Chancellorsville, the South lost control of the West.

C) It revealed the incompetence of General Robert E. Lee.

D) The Army of Northern Virginia lost half its men.

E) The Union took on momentum in response to its loss there.

2. The image of "Columbia" on this "cotton bond" sold to raise cash for the Confederacy shows that, like Northerners, Southerners

A) associated their cause with liberty.

B) longed for the pre-war past.

C) looked to Europe for ways to symbolize their hopes.

D) revered women for their contributions to the war effort.

E) sought beauty even when times were hard.

3. How did the war affect women in both the North and South?

A) They took on new responsibilities outside the domestic domain.

B) They fought for the right to serve in the military.

C) They strived to maintain their traditional roles.

D) They began to advocate for more legal rights for themselves.

E) They found themselves unable to keep their families safe and well fed.

4. General Sherman's capture of which city in 1864 helped to ensure the reelection of President Lincoln?

A) Atlanta

B) Chattanooga

C) Charleston

D) Richmond

E) Chancellorsville

5. Which of the following was NOT an advantage for the South?

A) The South possessed a solid, sizable infrastructure.

B) The South would be fighting a defensive war.

C) The South was a large area, as big as Western Europe.

D) Southerners could be sustained by their sense of destiny in fighting for

independence.

E) Southerners could hope that nations dependent on their cotton would join on their side.

6. According to the resolutions presented to President Lincoln in May, 1863, the arrest by military authorities of Clement Vallandigham did each of the following EXCEPT

A) gave aid and comfort to the rebellion.

B) undermined the basic rights of the people.

C) transgressed the letter and spirit of the Constitution.

D) undermined the rule of law.

E) inflicted "cruel and unusual" punishment upon Vallandigham.

7. Lack of unity among Southerners was evidenced by Jefferson Davis's vice president, Alexander Stephens, who criticized

A) the draft and income tax.

B) political campaign strategies.

C) military generals.

D) the ban on cotton exports.

E) slaveholders.

8. How does Senator John Crittenden's personal story reflect the peculiar nature of the Civil War?

A) He saw two sons become generals on opposite sides in the war.

B) Although he supported the War of 1812, he refused to endorse the Civil War.

C) He owned slaves but emancipated them during the war.

D) He lost two of his sons in the war.

E) Although he was in his seventies, he volunteered and fought in the war.

9. In 1861, why did the Confederacy establish a ban on the export of cotton?

A) to coerce Britain and France into recognizing its independence

B) to focus agricultural efforts on growing food

C) to deprive the North of necessary textiles

D) to hoard sufficient cotton so that the government could blackmail foreign nations

E) to make sure the South had enough cotton to meet its own needs

10. Both Theodore Kaufman's painting On to Liberty and the drawing "Entrance of the Fifty-Fifth Massachusetts (colored) Regiment into Charleston

Feb 21, 1865" depict African Americans as

A) agents of their own liberty.

B) joyous victors.

C) noble victims.

D) willing to go to battle.

E) left out of the war effort.

11. A major outcome of the first Battle of Bull Run was

A) the North's realization that the war would not be won easily.

B) a humiliating defeat for the Confederacy.

C) the foreshadowing of the long-range factors that would lead to a Union victory.

D) a drop in public confidence in the Confederate Army.

E) the Confederacy's realization of the Union's military strength.

12. Which was a major problem on the Southern home front throughout the Civil War?

A) food shortages

B) a sharp drop in prices

C) frequent strikes by workers

D) an increasing population

E) violent slave insurrections

13. Many of General Grant's victories in Virginia were characterized by

A) tens of thousands of Union casualties.

B) his use of guerrilla tactics.

C) his taking advantage of the blunders of General Lee.

D) his employment of strategies to compensate for having fewer troops.

E) sheer luck and happenstance.

14. Whom did President Lincoln name as commander of all Union forces in early 1864?

A) Ulysses S. Grant

B) William T. Sherman

C) George B. McClellan

D) Ambrose E. Burnside

E) Joseph Hooker

15. President Lincoln understood that the emancipation of African-American slaves would

A) provide the Union with a diplomatic advantage.

B) win the sympathies of those who lived in Border States.

C) enrage the Union's British allies.

D) doom any hopes of a Union victory in Virginia.

E) motivate white troops.

16. Which of the following best characterizes the Confiscation Acts?

A) The Confiscation Acts were early efforts to emancipate slaves.

B) The Confiscation Acts earned French support for the Union's cause.

C) The Confiscation Acts were unpopular among Northern abolitionists.

D) The Confiscation Acts extended the naval blockade of the South.

E) The Confiscation Acts ordered the seizure of land from disloyal Southerners.

17. Which of the following is NOT one of the grounds upon which President Lincoln defended the arrest of Clement Vallandigham?

A) Vallandigham's actions damaged Lincoln's political prospects.

B) Vallandigham's actions encouraged soldiers to desert.

C) Vallandigham was attempting to deprive the government of an adequate military force.

D) Vallandigham's actions damaged the army.

E) Vallandigham was attempting to prevent the raising of troops.

18. How did the Union's retention of the Border States invalidate the Confederacy's justification for secession?

A) It demonstrated that secession was not necessary to protect slavery.

B) It demonstrated that slavery was not necessary to support the South's economy.

C) It negated the claim that secession was comparable to the American Revolution.

D) It weakened support for secession among poor whites and former slaves in the South.

E) It demonstrated popular support for abolition in the majority of states.

19. Which of the following events happened first during the early days of the Civil War?

A) the firing on Fort Sumter in South Carolina

B) the bloody First Battle of Bull Run in Virginia

C) the establishment of a cotton embargo

D) the call for 75,000 volunteers for 90 days' service in the North

E) the agreement by Britain and France to honor the Union blockade

20. According to the text, how would an invasion and occupation by the North most likely affect class unity in the South?

A) All classes of white Southerners would likely unify against the North.

B) Poor whites would likely resent wealthy planters even more for bringing on such devastation.

C) Poor whites would likely welcome Northerners as freeing them from the hegemony of the wealthy.

D) Poor and middling whites would likely unify with free and enslaved African

Americans against the wealthy.

E) Wealthy planters would likely turn against their fellow Southerners in a desperate attempt to maintain their privileges.

21. The Battle of Fredericksburg resulted in

A) a devastating loss for General Ambrose Burnside.

B) the retreat of General Robert E. Lee's forces to Richmond.

C) heavy fighting and a demoralizing stalemate.

D) the Union's inflicting a brutal blow to the Confederate cavalry.

E) a clear victory for the Union.

22. What proved to be General George McClellan's greatest weakness?

A) his tendency to delay

B) his arrogance

C) his overriding loyalty to his troops

D) his lack of professionalism

E) his want of training

23. In 1861, President Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus for the purpose of

A) making it easier to arrest and hold suspected Confederate agents.

B) gaining support for passage of the Thirteenth Amendment.

C) widening the pool of men who could be drafted for military service.

D) providing better financing for the war effort.

E) forcing more men into military service for the Union.

24. According to this image from Lincoln's 1864 presidential campaign, the victory of his opponent, George B. McClellan, would result in

A) the continuation of slavery.

B) reunification with the South.

C) the victory of the Confederates.

D) the surrender of Northern territory.

E) desegregation.

25. On the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union successfully confronted the Confederate attack, which

A) was an all-out frontal assault rather than a flanking maneuver.

B) turned out to be one of their weakest offensives due to the depletion of their forces.

C) involved their coming from behind Union forces on Cemetery Ridge.

D) resulted in the final defeat of the Confederacy.

E) pushed the Union troops back to their previous position.

26. What finally abolished slavery in the United States?

A) the Thirteenth Amendment

B) the Emancipation Proclamation

C) the surrender of General Robert E. Lee

D) the Confiscation Acts

E) Special Field Order No. 15

27. Which of the following was a consequence of Pickett's Charge?

A) a heavy loss of lives for the charging Confederates

B) the retreat of General George G. Meade's forces

C) a stunning victory for the Confederates

D) a virtual standoff between the North and South

E) acknowledgment of the cowardice of Confederate troops

28. What was the consequence for Sergeant William Walker of the 21st U.S. Colored Infantry when he had his men lay down their arms in protest over unequal pay?

A) He was convicted of mutiny and executed.

B) He was passed over for promotion.

C) He was imprisoned without a trial until the conclusion of the war.

D) He was given a combat assignment where he was almost certain to be killed.

E) He was dishonorably discharged from the army.

29. This image represents Southern anger directed at

A) speculators profiting from the war.

B) wealthy slaveholders.

C) Northern industrialists.

D) men who claimed to be unable to fight.

E) the British.

30. Which of the following was NOT a border state that remained in the Union?

A) Tennessee

B) Kentucky

C) Maryland

D) Delaware

E) Missouri

31. This photograph shows Columbia, South Carolina after General

Sherman's forces had marched through it, representing what tactic that became central to modern warfare?

A) bringing the war to civilians

B) destroying the resources of the enemy

C) setting fire to buildings

D) using air power

E) marching great distances across enemy territory

32. What seems to be the main purpose of this illustration?

A) to celebrate the contributions of African Americans to the war effort

B) to demonstrate why African Americans should not see combat

C) to argue that African Americans' greatest contributions were off the battlefield

D) to portray African-American soldiers as lacking courage

E) to encourage African Americans to move west

33. The Emancipation Proclamation

A) did not apply to the Border States.

B) was issued after a major Confederate victory.

C) was made without political considerations.

D) declared that all African Americans were now free.

E) forced Britain to recognize the Confederacy.

34. At the outset of the war, what strategy was favored by many on both sides of the conflict?

A) an early and forceful offensive, in anticipation that it would be decisive

B) a defensive stance, in anticipation of a long conflict

C) a strategy of total war, in anticipation that it would demoralize civilians

D) a continuation of negotiations, in anticipation that Americans would prove unwilling to fight each other

E) a slowly enveloping offensive, in anticipation of finding the other side resolute in its opposition

35. Led by Dorothea Dix, beginning in the Civil War women nearly entirely took over what profession?

A) nursing

B) teaching

C) secretarial work

D) textile manufacturing

E) munitions assembly

36. What portion of the total enlisted men in the Union Army and Navy were African Americans?

A) 10 percent

B) 1 percent

C) 20 percent

D) one third

E) nearly half

37. Where did General Lee surrender to General Grant?

A) Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia

B) Richmond, Virginia

C) Washington, D.C.

D) Hampton Roads, Virginia

E) Atlanta, Georgia

38. According to the Emancipation Proclamation, emancipation would not go into effect on January 1, 1863 if

A) the seceded states rejoined the Union.

B) the Confederacy surrendered Richmond.

C) enough Southern slaveholders freed their slaves on their own.

D) the Border States left the Union.

E) Britain joined the war effort on the side of the South.

39. What decision by the North early in the war encouraged enslaved African Americans to escape from the South to Union Army camps?

A) the decision to declare that fugitive slaves were contraband of war

B) the decision to honor the Fugitive Slave Act

C) the decision to allow African Americans to enlist as soldiers

D) the decision to emancipate slaves in areas held by the Union Army

E) the decision to advertise to enslaved African Americans, encouraging them to escape

40. In the Draft Riots in New York City, mobs turned their violence on

A) African Americans.

B) immigrants.

C) representatives of the Democratic Party.

D) Confederate prisoners of war.

E) poor and working-class residents.

41. Why did many Southerners object to the incorporation of state militias into a Confederate Army?

A) They saw it as violating states' rights.

B) They believed state militias would be more effective.

C) They feared that a national military would be expensive.

D) They anticipated fighting a guerrilla war rather than a more conventional war.

E) They objected to the possibility of military rule.

42. The Battle of Antietam was a major turning point because

A) the victory afforded President Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

B) it was the last time Confederate troops would enter Union territory.

C) General Robert E. Lee was never again as aggressive for the rest of the campaign in Virginia.

D) Confederate forces were forced to hurriedly withdraw into the Carolinas.

E) the South had won a decisive battle in the North.

43. Which of the following was NOT an advantage for the North?

A) The North had the upper hand in military leadership.

B) The North produced 97 percent of the nation's firearms.

C) The North had a much larger population than the South.

D) Most of the nation's industry was in the North.

E) The North possessed a modern railroad system.

44. Who were Copperheads?

A) Northern Democrats who argued for a cease fire

B) Northern Democrats who supported the cause of the Union

C) Southern Democrats who opposed secession

D) Southern Democrats who freed their slaves

E) neutral Democrats who sought to avoid conflict by moving West

45. The Trent Affair resulted in the threat of

A) Britain's entering the war against the Union.

B) war between Britain and France.

C) a blockade of Northern ports.

D) the discontinuation of diplomatic ties between Britain and the Union.

E) economic hardship in Britain and France.

46. How did those who published this illustration of the Fort Pillow massacre most likely hope the public would react?

A) with outrage toward the Confederate soldiers

B) with disgust with the African-American soldiers

C) with righteousness in favor of the Confederate cause

D) with hope for a cease fire

E) with disbelief in the accuracy of the image

47. Which statement about the Civil War is true?

A) The Civil War caused more American casualties than World War I and World War II combined.

B) The Civil War began as a war against slavery and then became a war about secession.

C) The Civil War failed to bring profound social change to the United States.

D) The Civil War is considered the last pre-modern war.

E) The Civil War resulted in the acceptance of African Americans as equals in Northern society.

48. Which provision of the 1863 the Conscription Act led to resentment?

A) the ability to buy one's way out of the draft in exchange for a high fee

B) the declaration of men as old as 45 as eligible for the draft

C) the inclusion of immigrants among those who might be drafted

D) the clemency offered to those who disappeared to escape the draft

E) the state-based quota system for the draft

49. African Americans serving in the Union Army were not paid the same as their white counterparts because

A) a backlash from white troops was feared if blacks were paid the same.

B) the War Department was starved for funds.

C) they were not expected to see actual combat.

D) President Lincoln thought that African-American troops were inferior.

E) they were seen as enslaved labor.

50. As North and South prepared for the Civil War, most people on both sides of the conflict thought that

A) their side would win easily.

B) their generals were unprepared.

C) all Democrats would side with the South.

D) the war would be a long, bitter affair.

E) the war would result in high casualties.

51. How does the image of war as seen in the photograph of the aftermath of the Battle of Antietam compare with the image of the celebrated Zouaves of the 11th New York Volunteer Infantry?

A) The grim reality of the photograph exposes the foolish romanticism of the Zouaves.

B) The devastation portrayed in the photograph shows how well prepared such soldiers as the Zouaves were.

C) The photograph appears to be anti-war propaganda when compared with the historical accuracy of the drawing.

D) The brutality seen in the photograph accords with the fierce masculinity of the Zouaves.

E) The photograph shows little interest in the individuality of the soldiers when compared with the detailed drawing.

52. Which state's strategic position near Washington, D.C., made it vital for the Union cause?

A) Maryland

B) Virginia

C) Delaware

D) Pennsylvania

E) West Virginia

53. Why did President Lincoln tolerate General McClellan's arrogance and disrespect?

A) Lincoln recognized McClellan's command over the Union troops.

B) Lincoln used McClellan's Southern roots for political advantage.

C) Lincoln had no choice, as he was politically handcuffed to McClellan.

D) Lincoln had no other experienced officers to turn to for leadership.

E) Lincoln needed McClellan's insight as a bold and brilliant strategist.

54. Legislation passed during the Civil War gave the federal government the power to do which of the following for the first time?

A) levy an income tax

B) print paper money

C) promote westward settlement

D) create a national bank

E) establish tariffs

55. Which battle left the West firmly in the hands of the Union for the rest of the war?

A) Murfreesboro

B) Chancellorsville

C) Vicksburg

D) Fredericksburg

E) Antietam

1. During the 1868 election, what was the public's general impression of Ulysses S. Grant?

A) He was celebrated as the voice of moderation.

B) He was derided for involvement in a variety of scandals.

C) He was dismissed as a weak, ineffectual leader.

D) He was discounted due to his bitter partisanship.

E) He was embraced for his rejection of Reconstruction.

2. The term "Jim Crow" referred to

A) the Southern system of segregation and black disenfranchisement.

B) African American sharecroppers.

C) the small group of Southern African Americans who managed to retain the vote.

D) the emergence of such white supremacist groups as the Ku Klux Klan.

E) the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.

3. Why did freedmen assert that they were owed land?

A) They saw Southern property as the product of both their and their ancestors' unpaid labor.

B) They believed that it would be fair compensation for their military service.

C) They feared that property requirements for suffrage would be reestablished.

D) They sought it as renumeration for the race-based violence of Southern whites.

E) Their views of property ownership were akin to those of Native Americans.

4. What does the image Heroes of the Colored Race represent about middleclass African Americans?

A) They looked to their history to cultivate their hopes for the future.

B) They saw African American achievement as a thing of the past.

C) They perceived themselves as superior to poor African Americans.

D) They placed greater hope in insurrection than in education.

E) They were searching for a great man to save their people.

5. The drawing The Black Codes in Action depicts the practice of

A) auctioning off the service of black men who were convicted of vagrancy.

B) terrorizing and lynching African American men by white supremacists.

C) reestablishing the gang labor system through mass convictions of vagrancy.

D) allowing freedmen to rent land only in rural areas.

E) using the Black Codes to prevent black people from traveling across the South.

6. The House of Representatives voted to impeach President Johnson because

A) he removed the Secretary of War without their approval.

B) he dismissed officers in the Southern military districts.

C) he attempted to abolish the Freedmen's Bureau.

D) he vetoed the Reconstruction Acts.

E) he refused to sign the Tenure of Office Act.

7. What do the maps of the Barrow Plantation suggest about the settlement patterns of African American tenant farmers?

A) Their housing was no longer confined to narrow areas of a plantation.

B) Such institutions as churches and schools played a marginal role in their communitites.

C) They lived with whites in more integrated communities after the war.

D) They took over plantations and encouraged other African Americans to settle alongside them.

E) They were able to secure large plots of land.

8. President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction was

A) lenient and designed to restore the Union quickly.

B) far more harsh than President Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan.

C) punitive only to those who held high-ranking positions in the Confederacy.

D) constructed so as to allow Southerners to restablish a state of quasi-slavery.

E) intended to provide equal rights for African Americans.

9. Which statement best describes how the situation depicted in Winslow Homer's painting A Visit from the Old Mistressaccords with the myth of the Lost Cause?

A) The wariness of the African American women belies the idea that racial relations in the "Old South" had been harmonious.

B) The equality between the African American women and their former mistress confirms the idea that whites and blacks alike supported the Confederacy.

C) The fact that the former mistress is alone belies the idea that Southern gentlemen were chivalrous and protective of ladies.

D) The apparent prosperity of the African American women confirms the idea that they lived well when enslaved.

E) The graciousness of the former mistress confirms the idea that white Southerners were largely benevolent toward their slaves.

10. The shift in public opinion toward African American rights was embodied in Horace Greeley's

A) strident editorials.

B) political cartoons.

C) economic policies.

D) legislative efforts.

E) abolitionist pamphlets.

11. Who were carpetbaggers?

A) Northerners who moved south after the Civil War

B) white Southerners who voted Republican

C) poor backcountry whites

D) African Americans who exercised their right to vote

E) Republican leaders from the South

12. What combination of factors accounted for the ultimate abandonment of Reconstruction?

A) weak presidential leadership, the waning engagement of Northerners, and the violence and legal machinations of white Southerners

B) the leniency of Congress in admitting former Confederate states to the Union and the success of the New South economy

C) the migration of African Americans from the South to the North and the preference for sharecropping among those who remained

D) the failures of Congress to pass legislation to support civil rights and the inability of blacks to vote for delegates to state constitutional conventions

E) the nationwide acceptance of the myth of the Lost Cause, the pardoning of Confederate leadership, and the continuing poverty of Southern African Americans

13. In what sense were the Black Codes a return to the practice of slavery?

A) They severely limited the legal and economic rights of former slaves.

B) They encouraged white terrorist organizations to attack African Americans.

C) They restricted African Americans to their former plantations.

D) They permitted the auctioning of black workers into permanent contracts.

E) They forced many former slaves to work for whites for free.

14. Founded in 1871, Birmingham, Alabama soon became a leading producer of

A) iron and steel.

B) tobacco and cigarettes.

C) lumber.

D) textiles.

E) cash crops such as sugar, rice, and cotton.

15. One of the immediate goals of African American colleges was

A) to train teachers in order to encourage literacy among African Americans.

B) to produce lawyers to defend African Americans against vagrancy laws.

C) to educate ministers to tend to the spiritual needs of the black community.

D) to train businessmen to provide the black community with greater economic power.

E) to instruct politicians to enact legislation beneficial to African Americans.

16. During Reconstruction, the Freedmen's Bureau was able to

A) greatly increase the number of literate freedmen.

B) protect the rights of African Americans even despite the Black Codes.

C) repress much of the violence committed against ex-slaves.

D) convince many Southern whites to join the Republican Party.

E) distribute 40-acre plots to all ex-slaves who wanted land.

17. Which of the following was true of the Liberal Republicans during the 1870s?

A) They broke with their party over Reconstruction.

B) They strengthened the national dominance of the Republican Party.

C) They called for more radical Reconstruction reforms in the South.

D) They rejected ideas that espoused the superiority of whites.

E) They contributed to corruption among Southern state governments.

18. What resulted from the violence of such groups as the Ku Klux Klan?

A) African Americans were discouraged from voting.

B) Wealthy Southerners were alienated from poor whites.

C) Alarmed Southerners kept the Republican Party in office.

D) Carpetbaggers were inspired to move South to protect African Americans.

E) The Supreme Court ruled that the suppression of such groups was unconstitutional.

19. Which statement would most likely have been said by a Radical Republican in 1865?

A) "The former Confederate states should be punished for secession and slavery."

B) "The Constitution does not allow for secession, therefore the South never

actually left the Union."

C) "Northern hypocrisy shall never determine the destiny of the South."

D) "It is with no malice in our hearts that we welcome the return of our Southern brothers."

E) "Southerners were led astray by their leaders and should be treated with leniency."

20. In 1867, the majority of the delegates elected to state constitutional conventions in the South were

A) white Republicans.

B) Democrats.

C) freedmen.

D) carpetbaggers.

E) Klansmen.

21. The romanticizing of antebellum society and the South's loss of the Civil War became known as

A) the Lost Cause.

B) the New South.

C) the Confederacy.

D) the Tragic Past.

E) the Yankee Advantage.

22. The organization known as the Freedmen's Bureau was established as

A) an all-purpose relief agency for the South.

B) a voter registration agency for ex-slaves in the South.

C) a network of shelters for ex-slaves and refugees in the South.

D) an agency organized to keep former slaves on their plantations.

E) an agency aimed at procuring land for ex-slaves to own.

23. Why was the Fifteenth Amendment not as effective as it could have been in the enfranchisement of African Americans?

A) The amendment stated that suffrage could not be denied or abridged because of certain conditions, so Southerners found other reasons to deny African Americans the right to vote.

B) The amendment allowed states to establish property requirements for suffrage, and at the time most African Americans did not own land or property.

C) The amendment used flowery, indirect language that was too vague and therefore very easy to undermine.

D) The amendment established a poll tax, which many African Americans were unable to afford.

E) The amendment granted suffrage only to African American men, and not to African American women, even though white women had already been granted suffrage in several states.

24. On the Sea Islands in the early 1860s, former slaves seemed to aspire to lives as

A) independent farmers.

B) large plantation owners.

C) Northern wage laborers.

D) paid laborers on Southern farms.

E) artisans and fishers.

25. The portrayal of the children in the illustration of the Cooke sisters' schoolroom was most likely intended to

A) counter popular views of African Americans as uncivilized.

B) promote desegregated schools.

C) conceal the actual poverty of most African American children.

D) celebrate the purported subservience of African Americans.

E) demonstrate the superiority of white teachers.

26. What does this image represent about early test cases for emancipation policies?

A) The policies often severely curtailed the freedoms of African Americans.

B) Southern whites generally disregarded the policies set by Northerners.

C) African Americans supported whites in enforcing the new policies.

D) Northern officers strived to protect the rights of African Americans.

E) President Lincoln approved of stringent policies.

27. Which statement best describes the outcome of the Compromise of 1877?

A) The South gave up the presidency in exchange for more regional autonomy.

B) The Republicans exchanged the presidency for railroad monopolies.

C) The Democrats ultimately lost because of Samuel J. Tilden's unpopularity.

D) Northern apathy resulted in the victory of a Southern Democrat.

E) Southern disillusionment resulted in the creation of military districts.

28. Churches became the center of African-American life for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that

A) they were a place to socialize with whites.

B) they ran schools.

C) they provided charity.

D) they created opportunities for self-government.

E) they offered psychological support for daily struggles.

29. The Wade-Davis Bill was rendered ineffective when

A) President Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill.

B) abolitionist leaders withdrew their support for the bill.

C) Southerners proclaimed their adamant refusal to enact it.

D) Radical Republicans rejected the plan as too lenient.

E) the bill did not gain enough Northern votes for passage.

30. In what way did the Mississippi plantations owned by Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his brother Joseph become a model?

A) Former slaves ran the plantations autonomously.

B) Former slaves employed whites as laborers.

C) Former slaves were paid, but were otherwise limited in their autonomy.

D) Former slaves leased the land to whites and lived off the profits.

E) Former slaves pursued their education while continuing to work the land.

31. A prominent figure in promoting the New South economy was

A) newspaper editor Henry Grady.

B) Confederate General Robert E. Lee.

C) Catholic priest Rev. Abram Ryan.

D) African American activist Frederick Douglass.

E) Wall Street titan Jay Gould.

32. Andrew Johnson was selected as President Lincoln's running mate in the 1864 presidential election in order to appeal to

A) Southern unionists.

B) Northern radicals.

C) New Englanders.

D) Western frontiersmen.

E) Confederate supporters.

33. President Grant was re-elected in the 1872 presidential election despite

A) the scandals that shook his administration.

B) the widespread popularity of opposition candidate Horace Greeley.

C) his tenacious though unpopular support of Reconstruction.

D) his decision to align himself with the Liberal Republicans.

E) the looming economic crisis.

34. All of the following are true of the 1896 Plessy v. Fergusondecision EXCEPT that

A) the Supreme Court justices unanimously ruled against Homer A. Plessy.

B) the Supreme Court argued that the Fourteenth Amendment did not establish full racial equality.

C) the decision established the doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal."

D) the ruling became the legal basis for racial segregation laws across the South.

E) the decision stood until it was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.

35. What was the intent of many Northerners who settled in the South during Reconstruction?

A) They wanted to create a better life for themselves and settle there permanently.

B) They wanted to acquire confiscated plantations and hire "vagrants" at auctions.

C) They wanted to oppose the Reconstruction agenda of the Radical Republicans.

D) They wanted to ensure that the South would not embrace interracial democracy.

E) They wanted to plunder goods seized by the Union Army and return to the North.

36. The term Reconstruction referred to

A) the work to remake both the South and the Union.

B) the work to reform Confederate leadership.

C) the work to find new employment for former slaves.

D) the work to incorporate Western states into the Union.

E) the work to negotiate a treaty between the North and South.

37. Which of the following best describes President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

A) Pardon would be granted to all Southerners who took an oath to the Union.

B) Amnesty would be granted automatically even to Southerners who had willingly aided the Confederacy.

C) Congressional Republicans would decide the terms for readmission of the seceded states.

D) The imposition of harsh penalties against Southerners should be prioritized over reunification of the Union.

E) Full political and civil equality for African Americans would be guaranteed.

38. The Redeemers portrayed themselves as

A) the saviors of the South from the injustices of Republican rule.

B) the leaders who had saved the Union from Confederate treason.

C) the valiant enforcers of the Constitution and states' rights.

D) the loyal supporters of Ulysses S. Grant.

E) the protectors of freedmen.

39. The corruption scandal related to government-subsidized railroads was known as

A) the Credit Mobilier scandal.

B) the "Whiskey Ring" scandal.

C) the "Black Friday" scandal.

D) the Belknap bribery scandal.

E) the Amnesty Act scandal.

40. In the 1868 presidential campaign, supporters of Democratic candidate Horatio Seymour were linked to

A) racial violence.

B) Northern aggression.

C) the elite planter class.

D) the scalawag movement.

E) voter fraud.

41. What crisis marked the presidential election of 1876?

A) Voting irregularities called 19 electoral votes into question.

B) A split in the Republican Party resulted in confusion regarding the popular vote.

C) Voter fraud plagued Southern districts where black voters attempted to circumvent poll taxes.

D) The presence of federal troops was required to maintain order at the polls throughout the South.

E) Southern Democrats refused to recognize the Northern Democratic candidate.

42. To inspire newly freed slaves, a Boston Christian organization published the autobiography of

A) Phillis Wheatley.

B) Frederick Douglass.

C) W. E. B. Du Bois.

D) General O. O. Howard.

E) the Cooke Sisters.

43. The grandfather clause guaranteed enfranchisement to

A) any man whose grandfather was eligible to vote before 1867.

B) anyone who fought in the Civil War.

C) any man over the age of 55.

D) anyone who had been a slaveholder.

E) any Southern man who was an officer for the Confederacy.

44. In the early years of Reconstruction, the majority of teachers who educated Southern freedmen were

A) white women from the North.

B) newly graduated African American educators.

C) missionaries from the North and South alike.

D) Republican bureaucrats.

E) the ex-slaves themselves.

45. Why was Abraham Lincoln's Reconstruction policy called the "Ten Percent Plan"?

A) Former Confederate states could reestablish their governments once 10 percent of voters pledged loyalty to the Union.

B) A 10 percent income tax would be levied on the residents of all former Confederate states.

C) It would forgive all Southerners except for high-ranking officials and military officers and the top 10 percent of the population in terms of wealth.

D) It would have resulted in the imprisonment of about 10 percent of those who had served in the Confederate military.

E) It would set aside 10 percent of Southern land to be granted to freedmen.

46. Which statement about the Fourteenth Amendment is NOT true?

A) It permitted former high-ranking Confederates to hold office.

B) It guaranteed all citizens the equal protection of the law.

C) It prohibited financial compensation for former slave owners.

D) It was vehemently opposed by President Johnson.

E) It declared that all persons born in the United States were citizens.

47. The Panic of 1873 focused Northerners' attention on

A) such economic issues as currency reform.

B) black enfranchisement.

C) cash crops in the South.

D) white vigilante violence.

E) the development of Southern industry.

48. What appeared to be most important to President Lincoln in his vision for Reconstruction?

A) the reunification and healing of North and South

B) justice for Northerners and ex-slaves

C) the pardoning of most Southerners

D) the development of a new economy in the South

E) the establishment of civil rights for African Americans

49. Frederick Douglass once said that "a little learning, indeed, may be a dangerous thing, but the want of learning is a calamity to any people." Based on this quotation, how might he have regarded the priorities of the Freedmen's Bureau?

A) as dangerous

B) as necessary

C) as insufficient

D) as misguided

E) as calamitous

50. What view did the Redeemers take on the role of government?

A) Government should be small and pro-business.

B) Government should invest in public works and education.

C) Government should both encourage and regulate industry.

D) Government should lift up poor whites in establishing white supremacy.

E) Government should squelch violence and mob rule.

51. In 1867, Republicans in Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act in an attempt to

A) weaken the powers of the president.

B) dismantle state governments in the Lower South.

C) prevent the creation of new cabinet positions.

D) guarantee the election of Republicans in the North.

E) impair the judiciary in Southern states.

52. Special Field Order No. 15 provided

A) land to freedmen.

B) education to African-American children.

C) jobs to ex-slaves.

D) mobility to Southern blacks.

E) territory for the establishment of black communities.

53. Why were white Southerners derisive toward scalawags?

A) They believed scalawags to be traitors to the white race.

B) They resented scalawags for supporting and befriending African Americans.

C) They viewed scalawags as plunderers from the North.

D) They were jealous of the wealth and power scalawags accrued for themselves.

E) They condemned scalawags for their violent, terrorist tactics.

54. The Black Codes included all of the following EXCEPT

A) laws preventing blacks from accepting apprenticeships.

B) laws related to vagrancy.

C) laws banning interracial marriage.

D) laws barring blacks from serving on juries.

E) laws restricting freedmen to renting land only in rural areas.

55. All of the following statements about sharecropping are true EXCEPT that

A) tenant farmers independently selected the crops that they wanted to cultivate.

B) sharecroppers gave up about one-third to one-half of their harvest to landlords.

C) the practice fostered the economic dependence of Southern blacks.

D) the system allowed the tenants to work at their own pace.

E) many freedmen continued to live on their former masters' land.

Vaudeville's appeal to the masses was partly due to its

Mark Twain's novels were marked by their celebration of

Andrew Carnegie became representative of those in big business who believed that

Booker T. Washington believed that race relations would improve

What did journalist Ida Tarbell reveal in her exposé of Standard Oil?

President Wilson offset lost tariff revenues by relying on 

After 1880, immigrants from which of the following regions began to dominate the numbers of those coming to the United States?

What was the significance of the adoption of a standard gauge?

The temperance movement attracted all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following best describes Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth"?

What did President Roosevelt and John Muir have in common?

Which of the following most likely would have helped to prevent injuries and deaths in factories in the late nineteenth century?

Henry Ford's policies benefited workers in all of the following ways EXCEPT by

American forces commanded by George Armstrong Custer were overwhelmed in

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) excluded unskilled workers from its membership rolls because AFL leaders believed unskilled workers

The main goal of the Dawes Severalty Act was

What is the difference between vertical integration and horizontal integration?

Vertical integration involves control of all phases of production whereas horizontal integration What factors constrained the Progressive agenda? 

What caused hardships for wheat farmers on the Plains in the 1880s?

The press stirred up rage over what aspect of the Haymarket Riot?

How did the women who ran settlement houses differ from elite women from earlier generations who also helped the poor?

According to the text, the word gild in the term Gilded Age accurately describes the time because

Which of the following best characterizes the political machines of the late nineteenth century?

In campaigning for president, Woodrow Wilson promised "New Freedom," which prioritized

In the nineteenth century, how did rural customers typically differ from urban customers?

How did the 1916 law banning the interstate sale of products made by child labor affect children in the workplace?

What did the fate of the Sherman Anti­Trust Act of 1890 demonstrate?

By 1900, all of the following were true of the railroad industry EXCEPT that

What was the Federal Reserve?

The Pendleton Act of 1883

The "progressive movement" was driven by:

a general belief that moderate reforms were needed to help end

The Homestead Act:

Effects of the Dawes Act included:

The Populist Party supported which of the following policies?

The aggressive tactics of John D. Rockefeller were supported by his:

Who led the American Federation of Labor as it became the largest organizer of workers in the United States?

The Harlem Renaissance:

Even before direct American involvement, the United States was linked to the Allies' cause:

The primary goal of the American government's imperialistic policies during the late 1800s was:

The Great Uprising of 1877 was a general strike against the nation's:

American forces commanded by George Armstrong Custer were overwhelmed in:

Americans generally viewed buffalo as:

What was the purpose of the annual Long Drives?

What triggered the brief political success of the Grange?

Which of the following beliefs influenced the development of the trust?

The workplace of the late 1800s included all of the following EXCEPT:

George Eastman created a successful business based on his invention of the:

Many members of the Workingmen's Benevolent Association were:

What was most likely a result of the involvement of all American Railway Union members in the Pullman strike?

The Pendleton Act of 1883:

What did proponents of "soft money" advocate?

As the leader of the American Railway Union, Eugene Debs led:

What prevented workers from escaping when a fire broke out at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory?

Which of the following was NOT a candidate for president in 1912?

In what way did the urban working class disagree with Progressives about the ward system?

In campaigning for president, Woodrow Wilson promised "New Freedom," which prioritized:

What were spheres of influence?

Major outcomes of the Spanish-American War included which of the following?

Which one of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between advances in technology and American imperialism, according to the textbook?

What compelled the United States to intervene in the Cuban revolt against Spain?

the intent to protect both Cuban and American economic

One effect of German U-boat attacks on British passenger ships was:

What weakened President Wilson's negotiating position at the Paris Peace Conference?

Scientists at the time did not know that the Spanish Influenza was spread by:

Which act prohibited anti-government speech during the war?

To what aspect of modern life were both the Lost Generation and Christian fundamentalists responding?

What was one major effect of the widespread acquisition of radios in American homes during the 1920s?

Why did crime and illicit drinking flourish despite Prohibition?

In his novel This Side of Paradise, F. Scott Fitzgerald:

In educating Native American children as required by the Dawes Severalty Act, the government opted to establish:

Where did cattle ranching and cattle drives originate?

The Grangers were members of a society of:

How did the U.S. government view its treaties with Native Americans?

How did many conservative politicians view government regulation of business during the late nineteenth century?

Proponents of the Social Gospel believed that:

How was U.S. imperialism beyond North America similar to its pursuit of Manifest Destiny on the continent?

The primary focus of the Committee on Public Information was:

Why did Germany resort to submarine warfare?

The leader of the American Expeditionary Forces was:

Who was the African-American leader who rejected integration

The Scopes Trial revealed Fundamentalists' rejection of:

Who would be least likely to join the Ku Klux Klan?

Native American land shrank rapidly from 1850 to 1890.

During the rise of industry, the United States witnessed a boom in:

As leader of the American Railway Union, he led the strike as the George Pullman Sleeping Car Company.

The term gilded age refers specifically to a time when:

What group suffered from the most prejudice in mining towns?

sharecropping:

Booker T. Washington believed that race relations would improve:

The Battle of Little Big Horn was a crushing defeat for Custer and his men but propaganda in the east described the fight as a positive for white soldiers.

Davis Bend differed from other earlier test cases for emancipation in that:

W.E.B. DuBois emphasized all of the following ideas EXCEPT:

Booker T. Washington's defiance should be replaced with

Most settlement houses were staffed by:

The year 1886 saw the labor movement unify behind the move for:

Who was nominated for President in 1896?

Effects of the Dawes Act included:

The Colored Men's Convention of 1869 declared that they were willing to forgive their old masters.

East finally met West on May 10, 1869 when the transcontinental railroad was completed.

A supporter of temperance believed that:

The Boss System:

The term exoduster is synonymous with what ethnicity?

Horatio Alger stories:

Who emerged as the leader of the Knights of Labor, the nations first large, national union?

Who proposed the 10 percent plan?

Native American children resented boarding schools, but in time almost all valued their new education.

Who proposed Field Order No. 15?

Throughout the 1870s and 1880s trusts and hold companies wielded more power than Congress.

Which group was not a major part of the people known as "cowboys"?

Women were grant equality as they entered the workforce in large numbers.

The number of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe was highest around:

Chinese immigrants were blamed for the economic problems of the 1870s

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle focused on the problems of:

The cattle industry and "cattle drives" originated in:

The Fifteenth Amendment was undermined by:

Woodrow Wilson sought to reform banking primarily through the:

The Wade-Davis Bill was rendered ineffective when:

Of the following regions, the smallest number of migrants came from _____ between 1890-1900.

The Great Uprising of 1877 was a general strike against the nation's:

Boss William Tweed is synonymous with:

The Morrill Act was designed to promote:

George Eastman is famous for inventing the:

The Federal Trade Commission:

The Indian boarding schools operated on the principle of "kill the Indian and save the man."

The Tenure of Office Act attempted to:

Tribal warfare usually resulted in:

Who was not a candidate for president in 1912?

Who led the American Federation of Labor as it became the largest organizer of workers in the United States?

By 1896, women earned the right to vote in all of the following states EXCEPT

The Homestead Act

An industrial owner who practiced horizontal integration:

Controlling the means of production from processing raw materials to the shipping of finished goods is the definition of vertical integration.

What happened at Wounded Knee, South Dakota in 1890?

The "Great Uprising" of 1877 was a general strike against the nation's

In defending the League of Nations, President Wilson argued all of the following positions EXCEPT that

Many members of the Workingmen's Benevolent Association were

The press stirred up rage over what aspect of the Haymarket Riot?

The Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad companies relied heavily on the low-paid and difficult work done by

After buying the project from the Panama Canal Company, how did the United States gain control of the region where the Panama Canal was built?

A nationwide ban on child labor was enacted

Founded in 1866 by William Sylvis, the National Labor Union was

President Wilson promoted all of the following in his Fourteen Points speech to Congress EXCEPT

What triggered the brief political success of the Grange?

Which resulted from the popularity of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair?

Institutions established in the 1880s to provide social and educational services for the poor were called

Why was Frank Woolworth able to set low prices for his merchandise?

He bought huge quantities of goods at a discount from

Much of the culture of the American cowboy was derived from the traditions of which group?

As a result of the Dawes Severalty Act,

How did the railroad benefit Western farmers MOST?

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Which of the following forms of leisure and entertainment did NOT emerge as popular during the Gilded Age?

Theodore Roosevelt saw the Roosevelt Corollary as

The central business districts of cities tended to include

Which of the following was a popular trumpet player who gained prominence during the Jazz Age?

Which of the following best characterizes the stories of Horatio Alger?

Who emerged as the leader of the Knights of Labor, the nation's first large union?

During the war, most enlisted African Americans worked

William Jennings Bryan's famous "cross of gold" speech addressed which issue?

Which statement is true about both lynch mobs and the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s?

The Central Pacific Railroad began its work on the transcontinental railroad in

What was the Open Door Policy?

The government funded the war effort primarily by

Booker T. Washington believed that race relations would improve

Which nation was excluded from the Paris Peace Conference?

In Lochner v. New York the Supreme Court ruled that

How did Henry Ford's innovations affect consumers?

What was the main effect of mass production techniques such as the assembly line on the workplace?

Regarding the increase in female workers, most Americans believed that

What did the Seventeenth Amendment do?

In the Sand Creek Massacre,

The Progressive agenda mainly reflected the values of

What attitude toward birth control did Margaret Sanger encounter in her work?

Whom did the People's Party hope to represent?

What portion of American workers were wage-earning manual laborers?

One of the most dramatic moments of the Scopes Trial occurred when

What conflict came to symbolize the brutality associated with the conquest of the West?

What was one disadvantage of the rise of industrialization for American workers?

As the leader of the American Railway Union, Eugene Debs led

The Pendleton Act of 1883

The year 1886 saw the labor movement unify behind the move for

How did many conservative politicians view government regulation of business during the late nineteenth century?

Frank W. Woolworth's stores were known as

Which of the following best characterizes the stories of Horatio Alger?

What factored into the migration of Americans from rural to urban areas?

What was the Open Door Policy?

What did John D. Rockefeller and other members of the upper class believe was the source of poverty?

Where did cattle ranching and cattle drives originate?

Why did the federal government institute the Dollar Diplomacy policy?

George Eastman created a successful business based on his invention of the

Much of the culture of the American cowboy was derived from the traditions of which group?

Rationales for imperialism at the turn of the twentieth century included all of the following ideas EXCEPT that

After buying the project from the Panama Canal Company, how did the United States gain control of the region where the Panama Canal was built?

U.S. naval forces supported the Panamanian revolt against

The Kellogg-Briand Pact provided for all of the following EXCEPT that it

Frederick Taylor's scientific management system involved all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following was NOT relinquished by Spain as a result of the Spanish-American War?

Founded in 1866 by William Sylvis, the National Labor Union was

The press stirred up rage over what aspect of the Haymarket Riot?

The Progressive agenda mainly reflected the values of

In Lochner v. New York the Supreme Court ruled that
The main goal of the Dawes Severalty Act was

After the Civil War, a leading trend in business was the increase in exports of

Which statement is true about both lynch mobs and the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s?

As the leader of the American Railway Union, Eugene Debs led

President Wilson's primary opponent on the matter of the League of Nations was

The Immigration Act of 1924 significantly restricted emigration from

Americans generally viewed buffalo as

All of the following nations were among the Central Powers EXCEPT

Henry Ford's policies benefited workers in all of the following ways EXCEPT by

Who led the American Federation of Labor as it became the largest organization of workers in the United States?

The main Asian imperialist power around the turn of the twentieth century was

What is a protectorate?

Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?

Regarding the increase in female workers, most Americans believed that

President Wilson offset lost tariff revenues by relying on

What was the Great Migration?

Why was Frank Woolworth able to set low prices for his merchandise?

What is one way that the American Federation of Labor (AFL) differed from the Knights of Labor?

The year 1886 saw the labor movement unify behind the move for

Jazz could best be described as a melding of European musical traditions and

Which statement about women and children in the work force is NOT true?

The American Protective Association specifically focused on

Institutions established in the 1880s to provide social and educational services for the poor were called

Booker T. Washington believed that race relations would improve

Charles Lindbergh became a celebrity when he

Which nation did Austria-Hungary hold responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

The Progressive movement was driven by

a general belief that moderate reforms were needed to help cure

During the war, most enlisted African Americans worked

What happened at Wounded Knee, South Dakota in 1890?

Who did the Populists nominate as their presidential candidate in 1892?

Why did many married African-American women take part in the paid workforce?

Suburbanization in the 1920s

Pueblo society was noted for its

All of the following nations were among the Central Powers EXCEPT

In 1890, in conjunction with the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, Congress passed a bill

When was Prohibition repealed?

Frederick Taylor's scientific management system involved all of the following EXCEPT

Which nation was excluded from the Paris Peace Conference?

Why did the federal government institute the Dollar Diplomacy policy?

The Reparations Committee at the Paris Peace Conference set a reparations bill of $33 billion in gold for which nation to pay?

How did Henry Ford's innovations affect consumers?

Public education was promoted as a means of

Jazz could best be described as a melding of European musical traditions and

In response to the Pullman strike, President Cleveland opted to

President Wilson promoted all of the following in his Fourteen Points speech to Congress EXCEPT

Why did many married African-American women take part in the paid workforce?

President Wilson's response to the sinking of the Lusitania

During the Gilded Age, more and more people bought homes in suburban areas for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

The government funded the war effort primarily by

Booker T. Washington believed that race relations would improve

What was the purpose of the annual Long Drives?

The American Protective Association specifically focused on

By 1900, all of the following were true of the railroad industry EXCEPT that

Who emerged as the leader of the Knights of Labor, the nation's first large union?

Charles Lindbergh became a celebrity when he

What portion of American workers were wage-earning manual laborers?

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) excluded unskilled workers from its membership rolls because AFL leaders believed unskilled workers

Rationales for imperialism at the turn of the twentieth century included all of the following ideas EXCEPT that

Which resulted from the popularity of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair?

What did the fate of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 demonstrate?

In the Sand Creek Massacre,

The central business districts of cities tended to include

The press stirred up rage over what aspect of the Haymarket Riot?

Major outcomes of the Spanish-American War included which of the following?

The Kellogg-Briand Pact provided for all of the following EXCEPT that it

Founded in 1866 by William Sylvis, the National Labor Union was

What effect did the Bolshevik revolution have on World War I?

Leading up to the Spanish-American War, the yellow press

The main Asian imperialist power around the turn of the twentieth century was

The first big business in the United States was the

Which resulted from the Spanish-American War?

To entrepreneurs, such pastimes as baseball were business. What does this fact reveal about the new concept of leisure time?

As a result of the Dawes Severalty Act,

The Grangers were members of a society of

Which of the following best characterizes the political machines of the late nineteenth century?

After 1880, immigrants from which of the following regions began to dominate the numbers of those coming to the United States?

In the 1920s, American women were primarily employed as

In campaigning for president, Woodrow Wilson promised "New Freedom," which prioritized

The Morrill Land Grant College Act was designed to promote

Which of the following best describes the American Federation of Labor?

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

The main goal of the Dawes Severalty Act was

The Central Pacific Railroad began its work on the transcontinental railroad in

Which Republican incumbent was defeated in 1912 when his party split into Progressive and conservative factions?

Which nation did Austria-Hungary hold responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

What is a protectorate?

a country or territory under the protective authority of a stronger

Whom did the People's Party hope to represent?

The year 1886 saw the labor movement unify behind the move for

The Grangers were members of a society of

The temperance movement attracted all of the following EXCEPT

The primary goal of the American government's imperialistic policies was

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle focused on the problems of immigrants who worked

During the Gilded Age, more and more people bought homes in suburban areas for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Who did the Populists nominate as their presidential candidate in 1892?

George Eastman created a successful business based on his invention of the

Leading up to the Spanish-American War, the yellow press

After buying the project from the Panama Canal Company, how did the United States gain control of the region where the Panama Canal was built?

During the war, most enlisted African Americans worked

In his 1895 "Atlanta Exposition Address," Booker T. Washington claimed to accept segregation if

What is one way that the American Federation of Labor (AFL) differed from the Knights of Labor?

Many members of the Workingmen's Benevolent Association were

What did the Seventeenth Amendment do?

Which nation was excluded from the Paris Peace Conference?

Which resulted from the popularity of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair?

Why did anti-imperialist William Jennings Bryan support the Treaty of Paris?

Which of the following was NOT a writer associated with the Lost Generation?

When was Prohibition repealed?

Charles Lindbergh became a celebrity when he

The Immigration Act of 1924 significantly restricted emigration from

Founded in 1887, the Interstate Commerce Commission could initially best be described as

Who led the American Federation of Labor as it became the largest organization of workers in the United States?

The Progressive movement was driven by

The main goal of the Dawes Severalty Act was

President Coolidge was asked to sign a treaty with France renouncing war, and decided to

Why was Frank Woolworth able to set low prices for his merchandise?

All of the following nations were among the Central Powers EXCEPT

Henry Ford's policies benefited workers in all of the following ways EXCEPT by

Rationales for imperialism at the turn of the twentieth century included all of the following ideas EXCEPT that

How did many conservative politicians view government regulation of business during the late nineteenth century?

In the West, the industrial revolution took the form of railroads and

Much of the culture of the American cowboy was derived from the traditions of which group?

Frederick Taylor's scientific management system involved all of the following EXCEPT

The leader of the American Expeditionary Forces was

In the Zimmerman Telegram, German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann negotiated in support of

In educating Native American children as required by the Dawes Severalty Act, the government opted to establish

The Western Front was characterized by a complex system of trenches that ran for over 400 miles from the North Sea to

Suburbanization in the 1920s

President Wilson's primary opponent on the matter of the League of Nations was

Which act prohibited anti-government speech during the war?

One of the most dramatic moments of the Scopes Trial occurred when

What portion of American workers were wage-earning manual laborers?

Proponents of the Social Gospel believed that

The National Alliance was formed from a coalition of

The term Reconstruction referred to

Why was Abraham Lincoln's Reconstruction policy called the "Ten Percent Plan"?

The organization known as the Freedmen's Bureau was established as

The Black Codes included all of the following EXCEPT

Who were carpetbaggers?

The corruption scandal related to government-subsidized railroads was known as

What crisis marked the presidential election of 1876?

The Wade-Davis Bill was rendered ineffective when

In 1867, Republicans in Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act in an attempt to

The Redeemers portrayed themselves as

Which statement best describes the outcome of the Compromise of 1877?

What view did the Redeemers take on the role of government?

All of the following statements about sharecropping are true EXCEPT that

The term "Jim Crow" referred to

All of the following are true of the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision EXCEPT that

Why was the Fifteenth Amendment not as effective as it could have been in the enfranchisement of African Americans?

What combination of factors accounted for the ultimate abandonment of Reconstruction?

The crop rejected by former slaves in the Sea Islands was cotton.

President Lincoln threw his full support behind the Wade-Davis Bill.

Andrew Johnson initially indicated that his plan for Reconstruction would be much more punitive than the Ten Percent Plan.

At the Convention of the Colored People of Virginia in 1865, delegates declared that they were willing to forgive their former slave owners.

By the end of 1877, federal troops withdrew from the South and Reconstruction came to an end.

The legend of the Lost Cause helped Southerners cope with their defeat in the Civil War.

African-American leader Booker T. Washington argued that blacks should concentrate on education in order to gradually gain economic power.