Liberty University PSYC 101 quiz 13 solutions answers for sure

Liberty University PSYC 101 quiz 13 solutions answers for sure

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Chapter 13

Question 1 Dissociative amnesia is

Question 2 The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the

Question 3 All but which of the following statements describes antisocial personality disorder?

Question 4 Persistent anxiety that is not tied to any particular object or situation is called

Question 5 As described in the text, psychological models of abnormal behavior based on classical conditioning were useful in developing explanations of

Question 6 Fear of heights is to ______ as fear of enclosed spaces is to ______.

Question 7 The patterns of behavior in personality disorders are, in many cases,

Question 8 After getting into an automobile accident while fighting with her fiancé, Chou reports that she cannot see. Examinations indicate no apparent medical condition. Based on this description, Chou may be suffering from

Question 9 All of the following are criticisms of the DSM except

Question 10 Although they have different symptoms and characteristics, dissociative disorders and somatic symptom disorders are often grouped together because they both involve _______ defenses against _____.

Question 11 Whenever Fritz leaves his house, he has a nagging thought that he is forgetting something. He goes back to check that he has turned off the water and stove and locked the door. Some days, it takes Fritz over an hour to actually leave the house. This sounds like a case of

Question 12 The basic explanation of dissociative identity disorder is that

Question 13 Steven has bipolar disorder. All of the following may occur during his manic episodes except

Question 14 Based on available evidence, which of the following brain regions appears to be the most affected in cases of schizophrenia?

Question 15 Felicia reports that she is hearing voices that continually demean and belittle her. By what criterion is her behavior considered abnormal?

Question 16 Ted has antisocial personality disorder. It is likely that Ted shows abnormal functioning in which part of his brain?

Question 17 Tatiana is a schizophrenia patient with delusional thinking. Based on this description, what is Tatiana mostlikely experiencing?

Question 18 Regarding major depressive disorder,

Question 19 In experiments with Little Albert, Watson demonstrated

Question 20 Perceptions are to _____ as beliefs are to ______.

Question 1 In explaining the development of schizophrenia, the diathesis­stress model emphasizes

Question 2 In experiments with Little Albert, Watson demonstrated

Question 3 Regarding major depressive disorder,

Question 4 Which of the following describes a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Question 5 Fannie goes to a humanist therapist. When she talks about her frustrations with attempting to satisfy other people’s demands, her therapist may suggest that Fannie’s attempts could lead to

Question 6 Regarding panic disorder, which of the following statements is false?

Question 7 Perceptions are to _____ as beliefs are to ______.

Question 8 Gina believes that she is the secret love child of the late Princess Diana and singer Elton John. Since she really is not their child, Gina’s belief would be considered a(n)

Question 9 Personality disorders are a cluster of psychological disorders

Question 10 George was committed to a psychiatric hospital after he was caught happily shopping at the local supermarket without any clothes on. By what criterion is George’s behavior considered abnormal?

Question 11 According to Freud, abnormal behavior results from

Question 12 What is the approximate prevalence of bipolar disorder in the adult U.S. population?

Question 13 When people make reference to a criminal as a “psychopath,” they are describing a person with ________ personality disorder.

Question 14 Physical complaints that cannot be explained medically are characteristic of

Question 15 Individuals with antisocial personality disorder demonstrate all of the following except

Question 16 The basic explanation of dissociative identity disorder is that

Question 17 Regarding dissociative disorders, which of the following statements is false?

Question 18 Jurgen has been diagnosed as having a phobia. This means that Jurgen experiences

Question 19 Ceci has a depressive attributional style. This means that when she fails, she is likely to make which types of attributions?

Question 20 Although they have different symptoms and characteristics, dissociative disorders and somatic symptom disorders are often grouped together because they both involve _______ defenses against _____.

Question 1 Twin and adoptee studies provide strong evidence for a __________ factor involved in anxiety disorders.

Question 2 A breakdown in the logical structure of thinking and speech, revealed in the form of a loosening of associations, best describes which psychological disorder?

Question 3 The type of psychological disorder that attracted Sigmund Freud to the study of psychological factors in abnormal behavior would now be called

Question 4 Which of the following is not one of the criteria used by psychologists to determine whether a behavior is abnormal?

Question 5 Behavior that violates established social norms or standards describes which of the following criteria for determining abnormal behavior?

Question 6 Regarding gender and suicide, which of the following statements is true?

Question 7 Gina believes that she is the secret love child of the late Princess Diana and singer Elton John. Since she really is not their child, Gina’s belief would be considered a(n)

Question 8 The cognitive model of panic disorder focuses on misinterpretations of

Question 9 Which theorist is associated with the study of learned helplessness?

Question 10 Ted has antisocial personality disorder. It is likely that Ted shows abnormal functioning in which part of his brain?

Question 11 Approximately what percentage of men could be classified as having antisocial personality disorder?

Question 12 In experiments with Little Albert, Watson demonstrated

Question 13 Tatiana is a schizophrenia patient with delusional thinking. Based on this description, what is Tatianamost likely experiencing?

Question 14 The irrational or excessive fear of enclosed spaces is called

Question 15 George was committed to a psychiatric hospital after he was caught happily shopping at the local supermarket without any clothes on. By what criterion is George’s behavior considered abnormal?

Question 16 Other factors being equal, which person is at highest risk for suicide?

Question 17 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) uses the term _____ to describe abnormal patterns of behavior.

Question 18 Attempts to understand the biological basis of depression has linked it to imbalances in

Question 19 Whenever Fritz leaves his house, he has a nagging thought that he is forgetting something. He goes back to check that he has turned off the water and stove and locked the door. Some days, it takes Fritz over an hour to actually leave the house. This sounds like a case of

Question 20 Personality disorders are a cluster of psychological disorders

Question 1 Which theorist is associated with the study of learned helplessness?

Question 2 Approximately how many people are hospitalized for schizophrenia in a given year?

Question 3 Ceci has a depressive attributional style. This means that when she fails, she is likely to make which types of attributions?

Question 4 Regarding dissociative disorders, which of the following statements is false?

Question 5 A diathesis is a

Question 6 Angelique has not left her house for two years. She is completely terrified of going out. Based on this description, she is probably suffering from

Question 7 Phobias develop through associations of aversive stimuli with previously neutral stimuli. This expresses the ______ explanation of phobia development.

Question 8 A woman walks into a police station. She has no identification and reports that she was walking down the street with no sense of who she is or how she got there. She is referred to a neurologist who finds no physical explanation for her condition. This description sounds like a case of

Question 9 Felicia reports that she is hearing voices that continually demean and belittle her. By what criterion is her behavior considered abnormal?

Question 10 Regarding major depressive disorder,

Question 11 Approximately what percentage of American adults has a diagnosable psychological disorder at some point in their life?

Question 12 According to Freud, abnormal behavior results from

Question 13 Dissociative identity disorder is commonly referred to as

Question 14 All but which of the following have been implicated in the development of borderline personality disorder?

Question 15 In experiments with Little Albert, Watson demonstrated

Question 16 Because the anxiety is not tied to any particular object in generalized anxiety disorder, this type of anxiety is often described as

Question 17 In explaining the development of schizophrenia, the diathesis-­stress model emphasizes

Question 18 Charmaine Coltraine is preoccupied with fears that she has a terrible health problem. Coltraine’s fears are characteristic of

Question 19 Which model of abnormal behavior is the most comprehensive?

Question 20 Bonnie has been feeling extremely sad for the last two months. She has difficulty getting out of bed to face the day and has lost interest in formerly pleasurable activities. Occasionally, she thinks about committing suicide. She sounds like she may be suffering from ________ disorder.

Question 1 Regarding genetic factors in schizophrenia, which of the following statements is false?

Question 2 Schizophrenia follows a _______ and typically develops _______.

Question 3 Which anxiety disorder has the highest lifetime prevalence in the population?

Question 4 Delusions of ______ describe the most common theme among schizophrenia patients.

Question 5 The secondary gain of conversion symptoms refers most closely to which of the following?

Question 6 All but which of the following have been implicated in the development of borderline personality disorder?

Question 7 Perhaps the earliest idea regarding abnormal behavior was that

Question 8 All but which of the following statements describes antisocial personality disorder?

Question 9 Eleanor is a quiet 41­year­old housewife. Occasionally, she seems to “become” a 14­ year­old male juvenile delinquent. Other times she “becomes” a 52­year­old, foulmouthed alcoholic. This sounds like a textbook case of

Question 10 According to Freud, psychological symptoms

Question 11 The patterns of behavior in personality disorders are, in many cases,

Question 12 Pablo has an intense fear of giving oral presentations in class. He also is very fearful of dating. Based on this description, he is probably suffering from

Question 13 Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is true?

Question 14 Jurgen has been diagnosed as having a phobia. This means that Jurgen experiences

Question 15 The cognitive model of panic disorder focuses on misinterpretations of

Question 16 A diathesis is a

Question 17 Bertram suffers from schizophrenia with symptoms of catatonia. Sometimes he seems to "freeze up" in an unusual body position for hours at a time. This particular symptom is called

Question 18 Phobias develop through associations of aversive stimuli with previously neutral stimuli. This expresses the ______ explanation of phobia development.

Question 19 Perceptions are to _____ as beliefs are to ______.

Question 20 Personality disorders are a cluster of psychological disorders

Question 1 Gina believes that she is the secret love child of the late Princess Diana and singer Elton John. Since she really is not their child, Gina’s belief would be considered a(n)

Question 2 Which of the following individuals exhibits behaviors that would be considered maladaptive?

Question 3 Approximately what percentage of men could be classified as having antisocial personality disorder?

Question 4 Regarding major depression, which of the following statements is false?

Question 5 Nagging, intrusive thoughts are called ______, and repetitive or ritual behaviors are called ______.

Question 6 Regarding the diathesis­stress model, which of the following statements is false?

Question 7 In the diathesis­stress model of explaining schizophrenia, which of the following factors would represent a psychosocial influence?

Question 8 Phobias develop through associations of aversive stimuli with previously neutral stimuli. This expresses the ______ explanation of phobia development.

Question 9 Fannie goes to a humanist therapist. When she talks about her frustrations with attempting to satisfy other people’s demands, her therapist may suggest that Fannie’s attempts could lead to

Question 10 All but which of the following statements describes antisocial personality disorder?

Question 11 The disorder that most resembles common notions of insanity, madness, or lunacy is

Question 12 Regarding gender and suicide, which of the following statements is true?

Question 13 The most common form of hallucinations in schizophrenia is

Question 14 Genetic studies demonstrate that the concordance rate for schizophrenia is

Question 15 Other factors being equal, which person is at highest risk for suicide?

Question 16 Perceptions are to _____ as beliefs are to ______.

Question 17 George was committed to a psychiatric hospital after he was caught happily shopping at the local supermarket without any clothes on. By what criterion is George’s behavior considered abnormal?

Question 18 Major support for the sociocultural model of abnormal behavior is provided by evidence that

Question 19 Which of the following describes a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Question 20 Hallucinations are

Question 1 Exaggerating the importance of negative events or personal flaws describes which type of cognitive distortion?

Question 2 Other factors being equal, which person is at highest risk for suicide?

Question 3 Because the anxiety is not tied to any particular object in generalized anxiety disorder, this type of anxiety is often described as

Question 4 Regarding causes of suicide, which of the following statements is false?

Question 5 Schizophrenia follows a _______ and typically develops _______.

Question 6 All of the following are criticisms of the DSM except

Question 7 Perceptions are to _____ as beliefs are to ______.

Question 8 Personality disorders are a cluster of psychological disorders

Question 9 The sociocultural model explains abnormal behavior in terms of

Question 10 Regarding major depressive disorder,

Question 11 Which theorists are associated with the humanistic model of understanding behavior?

Question 12 What is the approximate prevalence of bipolar disorder in the adult U.S. population?

Question 13 Hallucinations are

Question 14 Regarding cross­cultural differences in schizophrenia, which of the following statements is true?

Question 15 In schizophrenia, behavioral excesses are to ______ as behavioral deficits are to ______.

Question 16 A stereotypical man with antisocial personality disorder is likely to have been raised in a home characterized by

Question 17 Attempts to understand the biological basis of depression has linked it to imbalances in

Question 18 Gina believes that she is the secret love child of the late Princess Diana and singer Elton John. Since she really is not their child, Gina’s belief would be considered a(n)

Question 19 Which of the following statements regarding criteria for determining abnormal behavior is false?

Question 20 A woman walks into a police station. She has no identification and reports that she was walking down the street with no sense of who she is or how she got there. She is referred to a neurologist who finds no physical explanation for her condition. This description sounds like a case of

Regarding panic disorder, which of the following statements is false

Phobias develop through associations of aversive stimuli with previously neutral stimuli. This expresses the ______ explanation of phobia development

Which statement would be made by someone supporting a cognitive explanation for somatic symptom and related disorders?

“La belle indifference” describes which feature of a psychological disorder?

Perhaps the earliest idea regarding abnormal behavior was that

All of the following are criticisms of the DSM except

A breakdown in the logical structure of thinking and speech, revealed in the form of a loosening of associations, best describes which psychological disorder?

The criterion of maladaptive behavior used in determining whether behavior is abnormal would likely to be applied to which of the following cases?

Genetic studies demonstrate that the concordance rate for schizophrenia is

Approximately what percentage of American adults has a diagnosable psychological disorder at some point in their life?

Regarding major depressive disorder,

Individuals with antisocial personality disorder demonstrate all of the following except

Dissociative amnesia is

Garth goes to a psychodynamic therapist for treatment of his anxiety. What will be the goal of Garth’s therapy?

In experiments with Little Albert, Watson demonstrated

Charmaine Coltraine is preoccupied with fears that she has a terrible health problem. Coltraine’s fears are characteristic of

Bertram suffers from schizophrenia with symptoms of catatonia. Sometimes he seems to "freeze up" in an unusual body position for hours at a time. This particular symptom is called

Hallucinations are

Major support for the sociocultural model of abnormal behavior is provided by evidence that

After getting into an automobile accident while fighting with her fiancé, Chou reports that she cannot see. Examinations indicate no apparent medical condition. Based on this description, Chou may be suffering from

1) The secondary gain of conversion symptoms refers most closely to which of the following?:a. The symptom prevent the individual from having to confront stressful or conflict-laden situationsb. The symptom symbolizes an underlying struggle between opposing motivesc. The symptom enhances the employment of defense mechanisms 

2) All but which of the following are myths about suicide?:a. people who commit suicide are usually suffering from a psychological disorder, but are not insaneb. people who threaten suicide are only trying to get attentionc. if someone threatens suicide, it is best to ignore it so as not to encourage repeated threatsd. talking about suicide with a depressed person may prompt her/him to attempt suicide

3) The sociocultural model explains abnormal behavior in terms of:a. disturbed learning processesb. failures of societyc. distorted thinkingd. the failure of certain cultures to promote self-actualizatione. social influences on underlying biological factors

4) Dr. Tomlin is a therapist working from the cognitive perspective. She is likely to describe abnormal behavior in terms of:a. the role of repressed thoughts and beliefsb. failure to achieve self-actualizationc. classical conditioningd. the combo of classical and operant conditioninge. irrational or distorted thinking

5) Hallucinations are:a. perceptions that occur without appropriate external stimulib. false beliefsc. long strings of disconnected wordsd. patterns of agitated, purposeless motione. a breakdown in the logical structure of thinking and speech

6) Perceptions are to ___ as beliefs are to ____:a. anxiety; depressionb. delusions; hallucinationsc. compulsions; obsessionsd. obsessions; compulsionse. hallucinations; delusions

7) Which theory would attribute a person's depression to faulty interpretations of events and distorted thinking patterns?:a. cognitiveb. humanisticc. psychodynamicd. behaviore. sociocultural

8) Other factors being equal, a person from which group is least at risk for committing suicide?:a. a caucasian- american maleb. a caucasian - american femalec. an african - american maled. an african - american femalee. a latino - american male

9) The criterion of maladaptive behavior used in determining whether behavior is abnormal would likely to be applied to which of the following cases?:a. Jonathan, who is hearing voicesb. Quincy, who is experiencing some symptoms of depression but it still functioning adequatelyc. Nate, who has developed a drug abuse problem that is affecting his healthd. Tricia, who behaves in ways other people consider deviant

10) Regarding major depressive disorder:a. men are more likely than women to be affectedb. men and women are equally likely to be affectedc. women are more likely than men to be affectedd. young women are more likely than young men to be affected and the patterns reverses in middle agee. young men are more likely than young women to be affected, and the patten reverses in middle age

11) After getting into an automobile accident while fighting with her fiance, Chou reports that she cannot see. Examinations indicate no apparent medical condition. Based on this description, Chou may be suffering from:a. dissociative identity disorderb. hypochondriasisc. dissociative amnesiad. functional neurological symptom disordere. bipolar disorder

12) The most common form of hallucinations in schizophrenia is:a. visualb. olfactoryc. auditoryd. tactilee. kinesthetic

13) Major support for the sociocultural model of abnormal behavior is provided by evidence that:a. intelligent people are more likely to suffer from severe forms of abnormalityc. wealthy people rarely suffer psychological disorders
d. severe disorders such as schizophrenia and depression are more prevalent in impoverished and otherwise disadvantage groups

14) Regarding gender and suicide, which of the following statements is true?:b. when attempting suicide, women tend to choose more lethal methods
c. when attempting suicide, men are more likely than women to choose pills or poisond. more men attempt suicide, but more women complete the suicide acte. more women attempt suicide, but more men complete the suicide act

15) The diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) uses the term __ to describe abnormal patterns of behavior:a. mental illnessb. mental disorderc. psychological disorderd. psychological illnesse. personality disorder

16) Dissociative amnesia is:a. a loss of memory due to head traumab. another term for dissociative identity disorderc. another term for multiple personality disorderd. a loss of memory with no identifiable physical causee. a loss of memory due to a neurological condition 

17) A woman walks into a police station. She has no identification and reports that she was walking down the street with no sense of who she is or how she got there. She is referred to a neurologist who finds no physical explanation for her condition. This description sounds like a case of:a. dissociative amnesiab. dissociative identity disorderc. multiple personality disorderd. anterograde amnesia 

18) The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the:a. cognitive modelb. humanistic modelc. behavioral modeld. biopsychosocial modele. psychodynamic model

19) Regarding the diathesis-stress model, which of the following statements is false?:c. the stronger the diathesis, the less stress is needed to produce a disorder
d. disorders may develop under benign life circumstancese. whether a person having a diathesis develops a particular disorder is primarily dependent on his or her cluster of personality traits

20) Edwina is constantly worried. She cannot really identify why she feels this way, and she finds it nearly impossible to relax. Edwina's therapist believes her symptoms best represent:a. obsessive-compulsiveb. generalized anxiety disorderc. panic disorderd. social anxiety disordere. dissociative identity disorder

21) As described in the text, the diathesis-stress model is an example of which model of abnormal behavior?:a. Humanisticb. Cognitivec. Psychodynamicd. Socioculturale. Biopsychosocial

22) In explaining the development of schizophrenia, the diathesis-stress model emphasizes:a. the role of brain abnormalitiesb. the interaction of genetic predispositions and stressc. the role stressful life experiences in creating a diathesisd. the role of psychosocial influences in creating a diathesise. biochemical imbalances

23) The American Psychiatric Association once considered homosexuality as a type of mental disorder, but no longer does today. This fact is an example of which way that culture influences ideas about abnormality?:a. the same behavior may be judged abnormal at some points in time, but not at othersc. the same behavior can be normal in one culture but abnormal in anotherd. abnormal behavior patterns may be expressed

24) Therapist Charlotte Maley is a behaviorist. She is most likely to suggests that depression is:a. due to unresolved unconscious conflictsb. the result of losses or shortfalls in reinforcement levelsc. a matter of how people interpret eventsd. genetic in origin but influenced by early traumae. the result of interruptions of one's sense of self-actualization

25) According to Freud, psychological symptoms:a. arise from disturbed brain chemistryb. are a conscious cry for attentionc. represent an outward expression of inner turmoild. are produced voluntarily to obtain sympathye. are learned through experience

26) Charmaine Coltraine is preoccupied with fears that she has a terrible health problem. Coltraine's fears are characteristic of:a. functional neurological symptom disorderb. somatic symptom disorderc. dissociative identity disorder d. dissociative amnesiae. hysteria

27) Humanistic theorists contend that abnormal behavior:a. is the result of unconscious processesb. is the result of conditioningc. develops from encountering obstacles on the road to personal growthd. involves distorted cognitions as well as learning influencese. results from the stress of coping with poverty and social disadvantage

28) Gina believes that she is the secret love child of the late Princess Diana and signer John Elton. Since she really is not their child, Gina's belief would be considered a(n):a. diathesisb. delusionc. hallucinationd. obsessione. compulsion

29) Regarding major depression, which of the following statements is false?:b. many psychologists believe that the stressors faced by many women today contribute to their increased risk of depression
c. when left untreated, episodes of major depression can last months, or a year or mored. researchers have found that women and men tend to cope with depression differently, with men more likely to ruminate

30) Exaggerating the importance of negative events or personal flaws describes which type of cognitive distortion?:a. all-or-nothing thinkingb. misfortune tellingc. catastrophizingd. dismissing the positivese. misplaced blame

31) Fannie goes to a humanist therapist. When she talks about her frustrations with attempting to satisfy other people's demands, her therapist may suggest that Fannie's attempts could lead to:a. a distorted self-imageb. an inability to learn from experiencec. an inflated egod. unconscious aggressive desirese. irrational and distorted thinking patterns

32) Angelique has not left her house for two years. She is completely terrified of going out. Based on this description she is probably suffering from:a. agoraphobiab. social anxiety disorderc. specific phobiad. panic disordere. post-traumatic stress disorder

33) The patterns of behavior in personality disorders are, in many cases,:a. highly resistant to changeb. somewhat resistant to changec. somewhat easy to changed. relatively easy to change with psychotherapye. relatively easy to change with drug treatment

34) Attempts to understand the biological basis of depression has linked it to imbalances in:a. serotonin and dopamineb. dopamine and norepinephrinec. serotonin and acetylcholined. serotonin and acetylcholinee. epinephrine and dopamine

35) In a manic episode of bipolar disorder, a person might be characterize by all but which of the following?:a. extreme euphoria and energyb. pressured speechc. inflated sense of self-worthd. difficultly committing to decisionse. poor judgement

36) All but which of the following statements describes antisocial personality disorder?:a. the majority of people with this disorder engage in criminal activitiesb. people with this disorder are sometimes called psychopaths or sociopathsc. some people with this disorder can be charmingd. this disorder affects men more often than womene. some people with this disorder have a high level of intelligence

37) Schizophrenia follows a ____ and typically develops ___:a. chronic but not lifelong course; in early adolescenceb. lifelong course; in early adolescencec. chronic but not lifelong course; in late adolescence or early adulthoodd. lifelong course; in late adolescence or early adulthoode. variable course; during the person's thirties

38) Different personalities in dissociative identity disorder may demonstrate all of the following except:a. different gendersb. different agesc. different traits and manners of speechd. different eye colorse. different memories

39) Which of the following individuals exhibits behaviors that would be considered maldaptive?:a. Michael, who wears women's clothing when no one is lookingb. Stanley, who battles depressionc. Gary, who believes that he is the son of George Washingtond. Irving, who hears voicese. Roy, who is continues to use drugs despite the effects on his health and functioning

40) Although they have different symptoms and characteristics, dissociative disorders and somatic symptom disorders are often grouped together because they both involve _____ defenses against ______:a. physical; anxietyb. physical; depressionc. psychological; maniad. psychological; depressione. psychological; anxiety

41) Individuals with antisocial personality disorder demonstrate all of the following except:a. disregard for rules of societyb. psychotic behaviorc. lack of remorse for misdeedsd. impulsivitye. irresponsible behavior

42) The cognitive model of panic disorder focuses on misinterpretations of:a. childhood experiencesb. social cuesc. bodily sensationsd. others' intentionse. irregular brain wave patterns 

43) Persistent anxiety that is not tied to any particular object or situation is called:a. generalized anxiety disorderb. obsessive-compulsive disorderc. agoraphobiad. social anxiety disordere. panic disorder

44) Behavior that violates established social norms or standards describes which of the following criteria for determining abnormal behavior?:a. dangerousnessb. social deviancec. maladaptive behaviord. unusualnesse. emotional distress

45) Physical complaints that cannot be explained medically are characteristic of:a. dissociative identity orderb. obsessive-compulsive disorderc. somatic symptoms and related disordersd. dissociative amnesiae. bipolar disorder 

46) Bipolar disorder was formerly called:a. manic-depressionb. hysteriac. illness anxiety disorderd. multiple personality disordere. schizophrenia 

47) Freudian theory contends that depression:a. represents the defense mechanism of displacementb. is genetically basedc. represents anger turned inwardd. is a form of attention-gettinge. results from a lack of reinforcement 

48) "La belle indifference" describes which feature of a psychological disorder?:a. tendency for people with functional neurological symptom disorder to be unconcerned about their symptomsb. tendency for people with dissociative identity disorder to have been highly imaginative as childrenc. tendency for people with depression to have a maladaptive attributional style 

49) Because the anxiety is not tied to any particular object in generalized anxiety disorder, this type of anxiety is often described as:a. obsessiveb. compulsivec. free-floatingd. neurotice. post-traumatic

50) Delusions of ____ describe the most common theme among schizophrenia patients:a. waxy flexibilityb. jealouslyc. la belle indifferenced. grandeure. persecution 

51) Regarding dissociative disorders, which of the following statements is false?:a. Dissociative disorders can involve amnesiab. dissociative disorders include cases of people with "multiple personalities."c. dissociative disorders are among the most mystifying of psychological disordersd. compared to other psychological disorders, dissociative disorders are relatively common 

52) Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is true?:a. schizophrenia affects about 1% of the adult populationb. schizophrenia is somewhat more common in women than in menc. schizophrenia affects fewer than 500,000 people in U.S.d. schizophrenia typically develops in late childhood or early adolescence 

53) Ceci has a depressive attributional style. This means that when she fails, she is likely to make which types of attributions?:a. internal, global, and stableb. internal, specific, and stablec. internal, global, and unstabled. external, global, and stablee. external, specific, and unstable

54) Approximately what percentage of men could be classified as having antisocial personality disorder?:a. less than 1%b. 1 to 3%c. 3 to 6%d. 5 to 8%e. 7 to 10%

55) Perhaps the earliest idea regarding abnormal behavior was that:a. supernatural forces or demonic spirits were at workb. the brains of people displaying abnormal behavior were defectivec. it was the product of the inappropriate use of rewards and punishmentsd. it was the result of a moral weaknesse. irrational thoughts or distorted thinking lead to emotional problems

56) Personality disorders are a cluster of psychological disorders:a. involving extremely rigid patterns of behaviorb. in which mood disturbances are the primary symptomc. that all include psychotic symptomsd. involving extreme anxietye. in which cognitive distortions result in impaired functioning

57) Which of the following is not one of the criteria used by psychologists to determine whether a behavior is abnormal?:a. moralityb. social deviancec. dangerousnessd. unusualnesse. emotional distress

58) Twin and adoptee studies provide strong evidence for a ____ factor involved in anxiety disorders.:a. biochemicalb. geneticc. biopsychosociald. neurotransmittere. prenatal

59) A breakdown in the logical structure of thinking and speech, revealed in the form of a loosening of associations, best describes which psychological disorder?:a. antisocial personality disorderb. major depressive disorderc. obsessive-compulsive disorderd. dissociative identity disordere. schizophrenia

60) Which of the following statements regarding criteria for determining abnormal behavior is false?:a. psychologists use multiple criteria in determining whether behavior is abnormalb. the one determining feature of abnormal behavior is unusualnessc. most people feel anxious or depressed from time to timed. the same behavior may be judged normal under one circumstance and abnormal under another circumstance

61) Phobias develop through associations of aversive stimuli with previously neutral stimuli. This expresses the ____ explanation of phobia development:a. cognitive b. classical conditioningc. operant conditioningd. psychodynamice. sociocultural

62) Nagging, intrusive thoughts are called ___, and repetitive or ritual behaviors are called ____. a. diatheses; delusionsb. compulsions; obsessionsc. obsessions; compulsionsd. diatheses; conversionse. conversions; diatheses

63) Ella finds herself extremely frightened whenever she see a snake. This describes a form of:a. panic disorderb. specific phobiac. agoraphobia d. obsessive-compulsive disordere. social anxiety disorder

64) The disorder that most resembles common notions of insanity, madness, or lunacy is:a. major depressive disorderb. dissociative identity disorderc. generalized anxiety disorderd. schizophreniae. bipolar disorder

65) Fear of heights is to ___ as fear of enclosed spaces is to ___:a. claustrophobia; acrophobiab. acrophobia; claustrophobiac. agoraphobia; claustrophobiad. agoraphobia; acrophobia e. acrophobia; agoraphobia

66) In the disthesis-stress model of explaining schizophrenia, which of the following factors would represent a psychosocial influence:a. childhood brain damageb. prenatal brain traumac. failure in schoold. loss of a loved onee. being raised in an abusive family environment

67) All but which of the following have been implicated in the development of borderline personality disorder:a. abuse or neglect in childhoodb. failure to develop a cohesive self-concept in childhoodc. low levels of dopamine productiond. brain abnormalitiese. genetic factors

68) Schizophrenia may involve imbalances in nerve pathways that utilize which neurotransmitter:a. serotoninb. melatoninc. dopamined. norepinephrinee. epinephrine

69) In experiments with Little Albert, Watson demonstrated:a. the need to consider cognitive, as well as learning, influences in abnormal behavior b. the inability of young children to acquire phobiasc. the role of classical conditioning in the development of phobiasd. the ease with which instinctual fears are demonstrated in young childrene. the role of operant conditioning in fostering aggression

70) Critics of the concept of dissociative identity disorder suggest:a. it is really a form a schizophreniab. it represents a form of attention-seeking role playingc. there are underlying physical causes that are unidentifiedd. it is not really an abnormal conditione. it fails to provide secondary gain

71) Eleanor is a quite 41-year-old housewife. Occasionally, she seems to "become" a 14 year old male juvenile delinquent. Other times she "becomes" a 52 year old, foul mouthed alcoholic. This sounds like a textbook case of:a. schizophreniab. manic depressive disorderc. dissociative identity disorderd. conversion disordere. bipolar disorder

72) Which of the following people can be described as having features of obsessive compulsive disorder?a. Buckie, who locks and unlocks her door three times each time she enters and leaves her homeb. Scott, who has a low level state of anxiety that seems to travel with him wherever he goesc. Rick, who has an irrational fear of riding on escalatorsd. Mary Jo, who refuses to leave her house because going out in public makes her panic 

73) Which of the following describes a negative symptom of schizophrenia:a. hallucinationsb. delusionsc. thought disordersd. social isolatione. bizarre behaviors

74) Tatiana is a schizophrenia patient with delusional thinking. Based on this description, what is Tatiana most likely experiencing?a. perceptions that occur without appropriate external stimulib. false but firm beliefsc. violent, aggressive outburstsd. patterns of disorganized speeche. removal of inhibitions resulting in violent outbursts

75) Which ethnic groups have relatively higher rates of suicide:a. caucasian americans and african americansb. caucasian americans and hispanic americansc. caucasian americans and native americansd. african americans and hispanic americanse. african americans and native americans

76) Based on available evidence, which of the following brain regions appears to be the most affected in cases of schizophrenia:a. prefrontal cortex and limbic systemb. limbic system and hypothalamusc. hypothalamus and medullad. medulla and prefrontal cortexe. thalamus and medulla

77) What is the approximate prevalence of bipolar disorder in the adult U.S. population:a. 1%b. 4%c. 7%d. 10%e. 12%

78) Genetic studies demonstrate that the concordance rate for schizophrenia is:a. highest among family membersb. highest among monozygotic twinsc. highest among dyzygotic twinsd. highest among distant family memberse. similar across different groups

79) George was committed to a psychiatric hospital after he was caught happily shopping at the local supermarket without any cloths on. By what criterion is George's behavior considered abnormal?a. dangerousnessb. maladaptive behaviorc. social devianced. emotional distresse. faulty perceptions or interpretations of realtiy

80) Whenever Fritz leaves his house, he has a nagging thought that he is forgetting something. He goes back to check that he has turned off the water and stove and locked the door. Some days, it takes Fritz over an hour to actually leave the house. This sounds like a case of:a. somatoform disorderb. obsessive compulsive disorderc. agoraphobiad. panic disorder 

81) Steven has bipolar disorder. All of the following may occur during his manic episodes except:a. flight of ideasb. pressured speechc. waxy flexibility d. grandiositye. restlessness

82) Dissociative identity disorder is commonly referred to as:a. multiple personality disorderb. neurosisc. schizophrenia d. generalized anxiety disordere. antisocial personality disorder

83) Regarding causes of suicide, which of the following statements is false:a. suicide may be linked to irregularities in serotonin functioning in the brain that leads to a disinhibition effectb. suicide is closely linked to mood disorders.c. adolescents who have a friend who attempted suicide are less likely than their peers to attempt suicide themselvesd. suicidal people may have fewer coping responses

84) Which of the following statements best captures the cognitive distortion of "mistaken responsibility":a. my partner is going to have an accident when they go skiingc. I have to get an A in that class
d. I didn't get the grade I wanted in that class; I'm so stupide. My partner is angry today. I must have done something wrong.

85) Which theorists are associated with the humanistic model of understanding behavior:a. Sigmund Freud and Anna Freudb. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslowc. John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlovd. Albert Ellis and Aaron Becke. Erik Erikson and Carl Jung

86) Regarding panic disorder, which of the following statements is false?b. panic disorder is characterized by intense physical symptoms
c. some people with this disorder mistake their symptoms for a heart attackd. agoraphobia sometimes develops in people with panic disordere. panic attacks initially begin because of their association with a specific situation

87) All but which of the following have been implicated in antisocial personality disorder:a. familial environment characterized by neglect and harsh punishment b. underlying brain abnormalities c. low levels of dopamine productiond. geneticse. need for high levels of stimulation to maintain optimal level of arousal

88) Diana had borderline personality disorder. Which of the following best describes the major symptoms of her disorder:a. tendency toward mood swings and stormy relationships with othersb. extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of othersc. pattern of avoiding social relationships out of fear of rejectiond. excessive need for orderliness and attention to detaile. odd or eccentric, but not psychotic, behaviors

89) Which statement would be made by someone supporting a cognitive explanation for somatic symptom and related disorders?a. people with these disorders are reinforced by others for adopting a " sick role" by drawing sympathy and supportc. conversion symptoms provide secondary gain
e. like people with panic disorder, people with hypochondriasis tend to misinterpret bodily sensations as signs of catastrophic causes 

90) A loss of physical function that has no organic cause is the primary symptom of:a. hypochondriasisb. dissociative identity disorderc. functional neurological symptom disorderd. schizophreniae. dissociative amnesia

91) As described in the text, psychological models of abnormal behavior based on classical conditioning were useful in developing explanations of:a. personality disordersb. phobiasc. schizophrenia d. depressione. self-actualization 

92) Tako occasionally finds himself in a state of sheer terror. The sensation lasts for several minutes, and he often believes he is "going crazy." His symptoms most closely describe:a. agoraphobiab. post-traumatic stress disorderc. obsessive-compulsive disorderd. panic disordere. generalized anxiety disorder

93) Schizophrenia is best described as a type of _____ disorder:a. anxietyb. moodc. personalityd. psychotice. dissociative

94) Which of the following involves the removal of normal restraints that serve to keep impulsive behaviors in check:a. an exit eventb. a cognitive distortionc. a negative symptomd. waxy flexibilitye. the disinhibition

95) A diathesis is a:a. severely traumatic incidentb. gene linked to a psychological disorderc. predisposition or vulnerability to a disorderd. learned pattern of abnormal behaviore. disturbance of mood, perception, or behavior

96) All but which of the following people have a specific phobia:a. Joe, who is afraid of spidersb. Pat, who is afraid of heightsc. Nichole, who is afraid of venturing out into open placesd. Michael, who is afraid of venturing out into open placese. Meghan, who is afraid of flying in airplanes

97) Pablo has an intense fear of giving oral presentations in class. He also is very fearful of dating. Based on this description, he is probably suffering from:a. agoraphobiab. specific phobiac. social anxiety disorderd. generalized anxiety disorder 

98) Jurgen has been diagnosed as having a phobia. This means that Jurgen experiences:a. sudden episodes of sheer terror with no apparent causeb. persistent anxiety without a specific focusc. nagging, intrusive thoughtsd. an irrational or excessive fear of somethinge. a loss of a physical function that defies explanation

99) Which model of abnormal behavior is the most comprehensive:a. medicalb. sociocultural c. psychodynamicd. biopsychosociale. humanistic

100) Felicia reports that she is hearing voices that continually demean and belittle her. By what criterion is her behavior considered abnormal:a. dangerousnessb. maladaptive behaviorc. social devianced. emotional distresse. faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality 

101) Which theorist is associated with the study of learned helplessness:a. Aaron Beckb. Albert Ellisc. Albert Bandurad. Carl Rogerse. Martin Seligman

102) Bertram suffers from schizophrenia with symptoms of catatonia. Sometimes he seem s to "freeze up" in an unusual body position for hours at a time. This particular symptom is called.a. hysterical neurosisb. disorganized thinkingc. waxy flexibilityd. psychotic frenzye. la belle indifferece

103) Which anxiety disorder has the highest lifetime prevalence in the population:a. agoraphobiab. social anxiety disorderc. panic disorderd. generalized anxiety disordere. specific phobia

104) Ted has antisocial personality disorder. It is likely that Ted shows abnormal functioning in which part of his brain:a. hippocampus b. amygdalac. prefrontal cortexd. temporal lobese. corpus callosum 

105) In schizophrenia, behavioral excesses are to ____ as behavioral deficits are to _____:a. psychotic disorder, thought disorderb. thought disorder; psychotic disorderc. disorganization; paranoiad. positive symptoms; negative symptomse. negative symptoms; positive symptoms

106) Reduction of anxiety that occurs when feared objects are avoided is the basis of which explanation of phobic avoidance?:a. biological b. classical conditioningc. operant conditioningd. cognitivee. humanistic

107) Regarding cross-cultural differences in schizophrenia, which of the following statements are true:d. schizophrenia occurs about as frequently in other cultures as in the U.S., and its symptoms are similar across cultures
e. schizophrenia occurs about as frequently in other cultures as in the U.S., but particular symptoms vary from culture to culture

108) Within the medical model, distinctive patterns of abnormal behavior are described as:a. psychological odditiesb. biological disordersc. mental disorders or mental illnessd. diathesese. attributional styles

109) Bonnie has been feeling extremely sad for the last 2 months. She has difficulty getting out of bed to face the day and has lost interest in formerly pleasurable activities. Occasionally, she thinks about committing suicide. She is suffering from () disorder:a. manicb. antisocial personalityc. bipolard. major depressive 

110) Approximately what percentage of American adults has a diagnosable psychological disorder at some point in their life:a. 20%b. 35%c. 50%d. 60%e. 75%

111) A stereotypical man with antisocial personality disorder is likely to have been raised in a home characterized by:a. permissiveness and a general lack of rulesb. spoiling and excessive indulgencec. neglect, abuse, and lack of warmthd. excessive stimulation and constant excitemente. moderate, authoritative discipline

112) A class of psychological disorders involving changes in consciousness, memory, or self-identity is known as:a. personality disordersb. phobiasc. somatic symptom disordersd. mood disorderse. dissociative disorders

113) The irrational or excessive fear of enclosed spaces is called:a. acrophobiab. social phobiac. claustrophobiad. obsessive-compulsive disordere. agoraphobia 

114) Which of the following biological factors is most likely to be considered in the cognitive explanation of anxiety disorders:a. genetic inheritanceb. biochemical changes in the brainc. disturbances in the functioning of neurotransmittersd. heightened activity in certain regions of the braine. minor changes in bodily sensations

115) Regarding genetic factors in schizophrenia, which of the following statements is false:a. when one identical twin has schizophrenia, the other twin has a 45% to 50% chance of having the disorderb. about 13% of people with a schizophrenia parent develop the disorder themselvesd. investigators have identified a single gene that is responsible for creating a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia

116) Regarding anxiety disorders, which of the following is false:a. such disorders involve excessive anxiety that may interfere with normal functioningb. fear is a general feeling of anxiety or dread that is not specific to particular situationsc. anxiety disorders are some of the most commonly experienced psychological disorders

117) Other factors being equal, which person is at highest risk for suicide:a. Hugh, 90 maleb. DeeDee, 70 femalec. Frank, 50 maled. Betty, 50 femalee. Jake, 18 male

118) As described in the text, behavorial models of abnormality assume that abnormal behavior:a. is learned in much the same way that normal behavior is learnedb. it the best explained by a different set of learning principles than lose governing normal behaviorc. is largely unlearned, but can be brought under the influence of the environment

119) Garth goes to psychodynamic therapist for treatment of his anxiety. What will be the goal of Garth's therapy: a. is learned in much the same way that normal behavior is learned
b. to determine the biological cause of his anxiety and find the right drug to treat itc. to become aware of his true feelings fix hig self-image and come to accept himself

120) Approximately how many people are hospitalized for schizophrenia in a given year:a. very few; most all are treated in community settingsb. between 5,000 to 10,000c. between 25,000 and 50,000d. between 75,000 and 100,000e. more than 100,000

In response to a person who speaks of considering suicide, the text suggests doing which of the following?

Vonda's friend Shelley has just made reference to attempting suicide. Generally, what is the poorest response Vonda could make?

A stereotypical man with antisocial personality disorder is likely to have been raised in a home characterized by

Ted has antisocial personality disorder. It is likely that Ted has lower-than-normal levels of activity in which part of his brain?

Regarding anti social personality disorder, which of the following statements is FALSE?

When people make reference to a criminal as a "psychopath," they are describing a person with which personality disorder?

Approximately what percentage of men could be classified as having antisocial personality disorder?

Individuals with antisocial personality disorder tend to be

Everyone in the house knew that James had a histrionic personality disorder, so they were very surprised when he

Diana has borderline personality disorder. Which of the following best describes the major symptom of her disorder?

Clarence has schizoid personality disorder. He is expected to exhibit

Which pattern best describes schizotypal personality disorder?

Extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others is characteristic of which personality disorder?

Which of the following statements is true about personality disorders?

Debra is a young woman who stays home every night because when men ask her to go out on a date, she invariably says "No" out of fear that if they knew what she was really like, they wouldn't like her at all. Of the following, which personality disorder is she most likely to have?

Mike has a grandiose sense of himself. This leads Mike to have an excessive need for admiration. Which personality disorder does Mike most likely have?

Personality disorders are a cluster of psychological disorders

Which of the following brain regions seem to be most affected in cases of schizophrenia?

In the diathesis-stress explanation of schizophrenia, which of the following would be an example of a negative life event?

The brain abnormalities found in many schizophrenic patients are most likely to have developed during

In the diathesis-stress model of explaining schizophrenia, which of the following factors is best described as a psychosocial influence?

Schizophrenia may involve imbalances in which neurotransmitter system?

Monozygotic (identical) twins have a concordance rate of about ________ when it comes to schizophrenia, whereas dizygotic (fraternal) twins have a concordance rate of about ________.

Genetic studies demonstrate that the concordance rate for schizophrenia is

Which of the following schizophrenics is having a delusion of persecution?

The most common type of schizophrenia is ________, and the rarest type is ________.

Chaka suffers frequent delusional thoughts. He also experiences frequent auditory hallucinations. This is typical of which type of schizophrenia?

Waxy flexibility is a feature of which type of schizophrenia?

Raoul demonstrates confused behavior. He frequently speaks incoherently and reports vivid hallucinations. His emotions are often inappropriate, and he neglects personal hygiene. Raoul is probably suffering from which type of schizophrenia?

Which of the following is a major type of schizophrenia?

A break down in the logical structure of thinking and speech, revealed in the form of a loosening of associations, is characteristic of which psychological disorder?

The fact that the prefrontal cortex appears to be affected in schizophrenia is not surprising in light of the fact that its major functions are to

Among schizophrenics, the most common delusions are of

Herman manifested a negative symptom of schizophrenia when he

Which of the following schizophrenic patients is manifesting the most common form of hallucinations?

Tatiana is a schizophrenic patient with delusional thinking. What does Tatiana experience?

Hallucinations are

Schizophrenia is a type of

Which of the following statements is true about cross-cultural differences in schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia follows a________ and typically develops________.

Approximately what percentage of schizophrenics require hospitalization?

Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is true?

The disorder that most resembles common notions of insanity, madness, or lunacy is

Which of the following statements regarding causes of suicide is true?

The removal of normal restraints that serve to keep impulsive behaviors in check is called

Which of the following beliefs about suicide is actually true?

Which ethnic groups are more likely to commit suicide?

Other factors being equal, which person is at the highest risk for suicide?

Other factors being equal, which of the following people is at the LOWEST risk for committing suicide?

Which of the following statements about gender and suicide is true?

The antidepressants Prozac and Zoloft work by raising the levels of which neurotransmitter in the brain?

Depression has been linked to imbalances in which two neurotransmitters?

Daniello has the distorted, pessimistic thinking that is associated with depression. Research suggests that Daniello's brain has ________ levels of ________ activity.

Ceci has a depressive attributional style. When she fails, Ceci makes which type of attribution?

Which psychologist is associated with the study of learned helplessness?

Who developed cognitive therapy and identified a number of faulty thinking patterns called cognitive distortions?

Exaggerating the importance of negative events or personal flaws is an example of which type of cognitive distortion?

Kim looked at her paper. She had received a grade of A-. The professor had written along paragraph praising her thorough research, her flowing writing style, and her logical, witty reasoning. Instead of basking in the glow of those compliments, she chose to fixate on the one omission that kept her from getting a solid A. "How could I have messed up like this?" she asked herself. Kim is engaging in which cognitive distortion?

Which of the following statements best captures the cognitive distortion of "mistaken responsibility"?

Which theory attributes depression to the way people interpret events?

The behavior model suggests that depression is

Freudian theory contends that depression

Of the following mood disorders, which is LEAST prevalent in the general population?

A mood disorder characterized by milder mood swings than bipolar disorder is called

When Steven came in for therapy, he was in the manic phase of bipolar disorder. The therapist noted the symptom known as flight of ideas when Steven

Nikita experiences periods of extreme sadness that alternate with periods of euphoric or elevated mood. Nikita may be suffering from

In a manic episode of bipolar disorder, a person might manifest which of the following?

Bipolar disorder was formerly called

Of the mood disorders, which appear to affect women and men at about the same rate?

Which of the following statements regarding dysthymic disorder is true?

Joyce experiences prolonged periods (several years) of mild sadness. Joyce's disorder would best be described as

Trina suffers from seasonal affective disorder. Her therapist is likely to choose which type of treatment?

Major depression that occurs repeatedly during fall and winter, followed by elevated mood in spring and summer, is called

Which of the following statements is true about gender and depression?

Bonnie has been feeling extremely sad for the last month. She has difficulty getting out of bed to face the day and has lost interest in formerly pleasurable activities. Occasionally, she thinks about committing suicide. She sounds like she may be suffering from

When Nancy wasn't accepted into the graduate program of her choice, she risked depression by cognitively coping with the problem the way women typically do; in other words, she

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in major depressive disorder?

What percentage of the U.S. population is expected to develop major depression at some point in their lives?

Dr. Bloom, a learning theorist, is most likely to agree with Dr. Field, an orthodox Freudian, that an individual with hypochondriasis

Freud believed that the somatoform disorders

The idea that having a conversion symptom helps the individual escape from confronting stressful or conflict-laden situations is captured in the concept of

Which statement best captures the cognitive explanation for somatoform disorders?

Of the following people with psychological disorders, which is most likely to express features similar to those of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Preoccupation with fears of a terrible health problem is characteristic of

The phrase la belle indifférence describes which feature of a psychological disorder?

Which type of psychological disorder attracted Sigmund Freud to the study of psychological factors in abnormal behavior?

After getting into an automobile accident while fighting with her fiancé, Chou reports that she cannot see. Examinations indicate no apparent medical condition. Chou may be suffering from

A loss of physical function that has no organic cause is the primary symptom of

Physical complaints that cannot be explained medically are characteristic of

Critics of the concept of dissociative identity disorder suggest that

The basic explanation of dissociative identity disorder is that

A person walks into a police station. She has no identification and reports that she was walking down the street with no sense of who she is or how she got there. She is referred to a neurologist who finds no physical explanation for her condition. This sounds like a case of

Although they have different symptoms and characteristics, dissociative disorders and somatoform disorders are often grouped together because they both involve ________ defenses against ________.

Most forms of dissociative amnesia differ from generalized amnesia in that they

Dissociative amnesia is

One gender difference in those with dissociative identity disorder is that males tend to have an average of ________ personalities, whereas women tend to have ________.

The existence of two or more distinct personalities within the same individual leads to a diagnosis of

Eleanor is a quiet 41-year-old housewife. Occasionally, she seems to "become" a 14-year-old male juvenile delinquent. At other times, she "becomes" a 52-year-old, foul-mouthed alcoholic. This sounds like a textbook case of

Which of the following statements regarding dissociative disorders is FALSE?

Dissociative identity disorder is a more technical term for

The members of a class of psychological disorders involving changes in consciousness, memory, or self- identity are known as

Charlotte feels a knot in her stomach when she enters a hospital to visit an ailing aunt. She interprets this to mean that the hospital is a threatening place because it's filled with dangerous diseases. This leads to anxiety and worry, which in turn cause her to feel shortness of breath and a tightening of the chest muscles. Then she becomes certain that she's having a heart attack. This scenario explains panic attacks from the point of view of which theoretical model?

The cognitive model of panic disorder focuses on misinterpretations of

Abner is an obsessive-compulsive who constantly has thoughts about his wife and kids dying in a car accident. The only thing that relieves these thoughts, for a short while, is counting backwards from 84 to 0. A behaviorist therapist would tell Abner that the cycle of repetitive thoughts and counting continues because the counting provides

Eight-year-old Jeanine has a morbid fear of spiders. Consequently, when her Girl Scout troop leader announces a camping trip, Jeanine becomes very anxious. On the day of the trip, she fakes a stomachache and stays home. Her anxiety is then temporarily relieved. Jeanine's avoidance behavior can be accounted for in terms of

The reduction of anxiety that occurs when feared objects are avoided is the basis of which explanation of phobic avoidance?

Phobias develop through associations of fearful stimuli with previously neutral stimuli. This summarizes which explanation?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder may be linked to irregularities in the brain regions that

Biochemical changes in the brain trigger a kind of internal alarm system that induces feelings associated with

Which of the following people is demonstrating an obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Whenever Fritz leaves his house, he has a nagging thought that he is forgetting something. He goes back to check that he has turned off the water and stove and locked the door. Some days, it takes Fritz over an hour to actually leave the house. This sounds like a case of

Nagging, intrusive thoughts are called ________, and repetitive or ritual behaviors are called ________.

Edwina is constantly worried. She cannot really identify why she feels this way. She can never relax. Edwina might be diagnosed with

Because the anxiety is not tied to any particular object in generalized anxiety disorder, this type of anxiety is often described as

Persistent anxiety without a specific focus is called

Tako occasionally finds himself in a state of sheer terror. The sensation lasts for several minutes, and he often believes he is having a heart attack. He may be suffering from

Which of the following statements is true about panic disorder?

The word agoraphobia comes from the Greek for

Angelique has not left her house for two years. She is completely terrified of going out. She is probably suffering from

The DSM system recognizes three types of phobic disorders: social phobia, specific phobia, and

Fear of heights is to ________ as fear of enclosed spaces is to ________.

Pablo has an intense fear of giving oral presentations in class. He also is very fearful of dating. He is probably suffering from

The irrational or excessive fear of enclosed spaces is called

Ella finds herself extremely frightened whenever she sees a snake. This is probably a form of

A phobia is a(n)

Which of the following people has a social phobia?

Which of the following statements is true about anxiety disorders?

Which of the following would be listed under Axis IV of the DSM?

Lily is a schizophrenic with lupus. Her schizophrenia would be listed under Axis ________ of the DSM-IV- TR, whereas the lupus would be listed under Axis ________.

Comorbidity refers to the presence of

One criticism of the DSM is that it is too heavily focused on the

Which axis of the DSM-IV-TR addresses global assessment of functioning?

Axis III of the DSM-IV-TR includes

The diagnostic classifications in the DSM-IV-TR represent

In the DSM-IV-TR, diagnostic classifications are provided in

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual uses which term to describe abnormal patterns of behavior?

Approximately what percentage of American adults have a diagnosable psychological disorder at some point in their lives?

Distinctive patterns of abnormal behavior are described within the medical model as

What, if any, is the general relationship between diathesis and stress?

In the diathesis-stress model, whether someone with a diathesis develops the disorder is determined by

A diathesis is a

The diathesis-stress model is an example of which kind of model of abnormal behavior?

Which of the following models explains abnormal behavior in terms of the complex interaction of multiple factors?

Major support for the sociocultural model of abnormal behavior is provided by evidence that

A sociocultural theorist might explain a person's depression as due to

The sociocultural model explains abnormal behavior in terms of

Dr. Tomlin is a therapist working from the cognitive perspective. Tomlin is likely to explain abnormal behavior in terms of

Fannie goes to a humanistic therapist. When she talks about her frustrations with attempting to satisfy other people's demands, her therapist may suggest that Fannie's attempts could lead to

Humanistic theorists contend that abnormal behavior

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are associated with which model of abnormal behavior?

In experiments with Little Albert, Watson demonstrated the

Behavioral models of abnormality assume that abnormal behavior is

Models based on classical conditioning were useful in developing explanations of

According to Freud, psychological symptoms

Garth goes to a psychodynamic therapist for treatment of his anxiety. What will be the goal of Garth's therapy?

According to Freud, abnormal behavior results from

The earliest important psychological model of abnormal behavior was the

Historically, when did the shift to a medical model of mental illness occur?

The first modern model of abnormal behavior was the

Perhaps the earliest idea regarding abnormal behavior was that

When Sing, a Chinese man, experiences depression, which is he most likely to report?

The American Psychiatric Association once considered homosexuality a type of mental disorder but no longer does today. This fact is an example of which way that culture influences ideas about abnormality?

Dhat syndrome is

Gina believes that she is the secret love child of Princess Diana and Elton John. Since she really is not their child, Gina's belief is considered a(n)

Perceptions are to ________ as beliefs are to ________.

George was committed to a mental institution after he was caught happily shopping at the local supermarket without any clothes on. By what criterion is George's behavior considered abnormal?

Which of the following individuals exhibits behaviors that would be considered maladaptive?

1.	Regarding abnormal behavior, which of the following statements is FALSE?
	A)	Psychologists use multiple criteria in determining whether behavior is abnormal.
	B)	The one determining feature of abnormal behavior is unusualness.
	C)	Most people feel anxious or depressed from time to time.
	D)	The same behavior may be judged normal under one circumstance and abnormal under another circumstance.
	E)	Psychologists take into account the cultural context when making judgments about abnormal behavior.
2.	Gina believes that she is the secret love child of Princess Diana and Elton John. Since she really is not their child, Gina's belief is considered a(n)
	A)	diathesis.
	B)	delusion.
	C)	hallucination.
	D)	obsession.
	E)	compulsion.
3.	In experiments with Little Albert, Watson demonstrated
	A)	the need to consider cognitive, as well as learning, influences in abnormal behavior.
	B)	the inability of young children to acquire phobias.
	C)	the role of classical conditioning in the development of  phobias.
	D)	the ease with which instinctual fears are demonstrated in young children.
	E)	the role of operant conditioning in fostering aggression.
4.	Humanistic theorists contend that abnormal behavior
	A)	is the result of unconscious processes.
	B)	is the result of conditioning.
	C)	develops from encountering obstacles on the road to personal growth.
	D)	involves distorted cognitions as well as learning influences.
	E)	results from the stress of coping with poverty and social disadvantage.
5.	The sociocultural model explains abnormal behavior in terms of
	A)	disturbed learning processes.
	B)	failures of society.
	C)	distorted thinking.
	D)	the failure of certain cultures to promote self-actualization.
	E)	social influences on underlying biological factors.
6.	A diathesis is a
	A)	severely traumatic incident.
	B)	gene linked to a psychological disorder.
	C)	predisposition or vulnerability to a disorder.
	D)	learned pattern of abnormal behavior.
	E)	disturbance of mood, perception, or behavior.
7.	The diathesis-stress model is an example of which model of abnormal behavior?
	A)	Humanistic
	B)	Cognitive
	C)	Psychodynamic
	D)	Sociocultural
	E)	Biopsychosocial
8.	Regarding the diathesis-stress model, which of the following statements is FALSE?
	A)	Diatheses are generally genetic in nature, although they may also involve psychological factors.
	B)	Significant sources of stress may increase the risk of developing particular disorders.
	C)	The stronger the diathesis, the less stress is needed to produce a disorder.
	D)	Disorders may develop under benign life circumstances.
	E)	Whether a person having a diathesis develops a particular disorder is primarily dependent on their cluster of personality traits.
9.	Distinctive patterns of abnormal behavior are described within the medical model as
	A)	psychological disorders.
	B)	biological disorders.
	C)	mental disorders or mental illnesses.
	D)	diatheses.
	E)	attributional styles.
10.	Ella finds herself extremely frightened whenever she sees a snake. This is a form of
	A)	panic disorder.
	B)	specific phobia.
	C)	agoraphobia.
	D)	obsessive-compulsive disorder.
	E)	social phobia.
11.	Fear of heights is to ______ as fear of enclosed spaces is to ______.
	A)	claustrophobia; acrophobia
	B)	acrophobia; claustrophobia
	C)	agoraphobia; claustrophobia
	D)	agoraphobia; acrophobia
	E)	acrophobia; agoraphobia
12.	Persistent anxiety without a specific focus is called
	A)	generalized anxiety disorder.
	B)	obsessive-compulsive disorder.
	C)	agoraphobia.
	D)	social phobia.
	E)	panic disorder.
13.	Whenever Fritz leaves his house, he has a nagging thought that he is forgetting something. He goes back to check that he has turned off the water and stove and locked the door. Some days, it takes Fritz over an hour to actually leave the house. This sounds like a case of
	A)	somatoform disorder.
	B)	obsessive-compulsive disorder.
	C)	agoraphobia.
	D)	panic disorder.
	E)	acrophobia.
14.	Which of the following people is demonstrating an obsessive-compulsive disorder?
	A)	Buckie, who locks and unlocks her door three times each time she enters and leaves her home
	B)	Scott, who has a low-level state of anxiety that seems to travel with him wherever he goes
	C)	Rick, who has an irrational fear of riding on escalators
	D)	Mary Jo, who refuses to leave her house because going out in public makes her panic
	E)	Guillermo, who experiences sudden, unexpected episodes of sheer terror
15.	Which of the following biological factors is MOST likely to be considered in the cognitive explanation of  anxiety disorders?
	A)	Genetic inheritance
	B)	Biochemical changes in the brain
	C)	Disturbances in the functioning of neurotransmitters
	D)	Heightened activity in certain regions of the brain
	E)	Minor changes in bodily sensations
16.	Discuss 4 types of anxiety disorders.
17.	Dissociative identity disorder is a more technical term for
	A)	multiple personality disorder.
	B)	neurosis.
	C)	schizophrenia.
	D)	generalized anxiety disorder.
	E)	antisocial personality disorder.
18.	Dissociative amnesia is
	A)	a loss of memory due to head trauma.
	B)	another term for dissociative identity disorder.
	C)	another term for multiple personality disorder.
	D)	a loss of memory with no identifiable physical cause.
	E)	a loss of memory due to a neurological condition.
19.	Different personalities in dissociative identity disorder may demonstrate all of the following EXCEPT
	A)	different eyeglass prescriptions.
	B)	different allergic reactions and responses to medication.
	C)	different traits and manners of speech.
	D)	different eye colors.
	E)	different memories.
20.	Regarding dissociative disorders, which of the following statements is FALSE?
	A)	Dissociative disorders can involve amnesia.
	B)	Dissociative disorders include cases of people with “multiple personalities.”
	C)	Dissociative disorders are among the most mystifying of psychological disorders.
	D)	Compared to other psychological disorders, dissociative disorders are relatively common.
	E)	Some mental health professionals question the existence of dissociative identity disorder.
21.	Although they have different symptoms and characteristics, dissociative disorders and somatoform disorders are often grouped together because they both involve _______ defenses against _____.
	A)	physical; anxiety
	B)	physical; depression
	C)	psychological; mania
	D)	psychological; depression
	E)	psychological; anxiety
22.	Critics of the concept of dissociative identity disorder suggest
	A)	it is really a form a schizophrenia.
	B)	it represents a form of attention-seeking role playing.
	C)	there are underlying physical causes that are unidentified.
	D)	it is not really an abnormal condition.
	E)	it fails to provide secondary gain.
23.	Physical complaints that cannot be explained medically are characteristic of
	A)	dissociative identity disorder.
	B)	obsessive-compulsive disorder.
	C)	somatoform disorders.
	D)	dissociative amnesia.
	E)	bipolar disorder.
24.	Describe two dissociative disorders and two somatoform disorders.
25.	“La belle indifference” describes which feature of a psychological disorder?
	A)	The tendency for people with conversion disorder to be unconcerned about their symptoms
	B)	The tendency for people with dissociative identity disorder to have been highly imaginative as children
	C)	The tendency for people with depression to have a maladaptive attributional style
	D)	The tendency for people with bipolar disorder to swing dramatically from one end of the mood spectrum to the other
	E)	The tendency for people with depression to show indifference toward their future
26.	Regarding major depressive disorder,
	A)	men are more likely than women to be diagnosed.
	B)	men and women are equally likely to be diagnosed.
	C)	women are more likely than men to be diagnosed.
	D)	young women are more likely than young men to be diagnosed and the pattern reverses in middle age.
	E)	young men are more likely than young women to be diagnosed and the pattern reverses in middle age.
27.	Bipolar disorder was formerly called
	A)	manic-depression.
	B)	hysteria.
	C)	hypochondriasis.
	D)	multiple personality disorder.
	E)	schizophrenia.
28.	Which theory would attribute a person's depression to faulty interpretation of events?
	A)	Cognitive
	B)	Humanistic
	C)	Psychodynamic
	D)	Behavior
	E)	Sociocultural
29.	Which theorist is associated with the study of learned helplessness?
	A)	Aaron Beck
	B)	Albert Ellis
	C)	Albert Bandura
	D)	Carl Rogers
	E)	Martin Seligman
30.	Exaggerating the importance of negative events or personal flaws is an example of which type of cognitive distortion?
	A)	All-or-nothing thinking
	B)	Misfortune telling
	C)	Catastrophizing
	D)	Dismissing the positives
	E)	Misplaced blame
31.	The removal of normal restraints that serve to keep impulsive behaviors in check is called
	A)	an exit event.
	B)	a cognitive distortion.
	C)	a negative symptom.
	D)	waxy flexibility.
	E)	the disinhibition effect.
32.	The disorder that most resembles common notions of insanity, madness, or lunacy is
	A)	major depressive disorder.
	B)	dissociative identity disorder.
	C)	generalized anxiety disorder.
	D)	schizophrenia.
	E)	bipolar disorder.
33.	Schizophrenia, follows a _______ and typically develops _______.
	A)	chronic but not lifelong course; in early adolescence
	B)	lifelong course; in early adolescence
	C)	chronic but not lifelong course; in late adolescence or early adulthood
	D)	lifelong course; in late adolescence or early adulthood
	E)	variable course; during the person's thirties
34.	Hallucinations are
	A)	perceptions that occur without appropriate external stimuli.
	B)	false beliefs.
	C)	long strings of disconnected words.
	D)	patterns of agitated, purposeless motion.
	E)	a breakdown in the logical structure of thinking and speech.
35.	Schizophrenia is a type of
	A)	anxiety disorder.
	B)	mood disorder.
	C)	personality disorder.
	D)	psychotic disorder.
	E)	dissociative disorder.
36.	Tatiana is a schizophrenic patient with delusional thinking. What does Tatiana experience?
	A)	Perceptions that occur without appropriate external stimuli
	B)	False but firm beliefs
	C)	Violent, aggressive outbursts
	D)	Patterns of disorganized speech
	E)	Removal of inhibitions resulting in violent outbursts
37.	Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
	A)	Hallucinations
	B)	Delusions
	C)	Thought disorders
	D)	Social isolation
	E)	Bizarre behaviors
38.	The most common form of hallucinations in schizophrenia is
	A)	visual.
	B)	olfactory.
	C)	auditory.
	D)	tactile.
	E)	kinesthetic.
39.	Delusions of ______ are the most common theme among schizophrenics.
	A)	waxy flexibility
	B)	jealousy
	C)	la belle indifference
	D)	grandeur
	E)	persecution
40.	A breakdown in the logical structure of thinking and speech, revealed in the form of a loosening of associations, is characteristic of which psychological disorder?
	A)	Antisocial personality disorder
	B)	Major depressive disorder
	C)	Obsessive-compulsive disorder
	D)	Dissociative identity disorder
	E)	Schizophrenia
41.	Which of the following is a major type of schizophrenia?
	A)	Delusional
	B)	Depressive
	C)	Profound
	D)	Paranoid
	E)	Organized
42.	Chaka suffers frequent delusional thoughts. He also experiences frequent auditory hallucinations. This is typical of which type of schizophrenia?
	A)	Psychotic
	B)	Paranoid
	C)	Catatonic
	D)	Disorganized
	E)	Hysterical
43.	Personality disorders are a cluster of psychological disorders
	A)	involving extremely rigid patterns of behavior.
	B)	in which mood disturbances are the primary symptom.
	C)	which all include psychotic symptoms.
	D)	involving extreme anxiety.
	E)	in which cognitive distortions result in impaired functioning.
44.	Mike has a grandiose sense of himself. This leads Mike to have an excessive need for admiration. Which personality disorder does Mike most likely have?
	A)	Schizoid
	B)	Paranoid
	C)	Narcissistic
	D)	Borderline
	E)	Dependent
45.	Regarding personality disorders, which of the following statements is FALSE?
	A)	Personality disorders are characterized by self-defeating patterns of behavior.
	B)	Some people with personality disorders believe that others should change to accommodate their needs, rather than the reverse.
	C)	The DSM identifies ten types of personality disorders.
	D)	Of the personality disorders, the most widely studied is borderline personality disorder.
	E)	People with personality disorders have deeply ingrained maladaptive personality traits.
46.	Extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others is characteristic of which personality disorder?
	A)	Schizoid
	B)	Borderline
	C)	Paranoid
	D)	Narcissistic
	E)	Obsessive-compulsive
47.	Which pattern best describes schizotypal personality disorder?
	A)	A tendency toward mood swings and stormy relationships with others
	B)	Extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others
	C)	Little interest in social relationships and limited emotional expression
	D)	An inflated sense of self with excessive need for admiration
	E)	Persistent difficulties establishing close relationships; peculiar, but not psychotic, behaviors and beliefs
48.	Diana has borderline personality disorder. Which of the following best describes the major symptom of her disorder?
	A)	Tendency toward mood swings and stormy relationships with others
	B)	Extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others
	C)	Pattern of avoiding social relationships out of fear of rejection
	D)	Excessive need for orderliness and attention to detail
	E)	Odd or eccentric, but not psychotic, behaviors
49.	Approximately what percentage of men could be classified as having antisocial personality disorder?
	A)	Less than 1%
	B)	1 to 3%
	C)	3 to 6%
	D)	5 to 8%
	E)	7 to 10%
50.	Which of the following is NOT predicted to be exhibited by a person with histrionic personality disorder?
	A)	Excessive need for reassurance
	B)	Dramatic and emotional behavior
	C)	Excessive demand to be the center of attention
	D)	Excessive need for praise and approval
	E)	Tendencies to withdraw from other people
51.	Individuals with antisocial personality disorder demonstrate all of the following EXCEPT
	A)	disregard for rules of society.
	B)	psychotic behavior.
	C)	lack of remorse for misdeeds.
	D)	impulsivity.
	E)	irresponsible behavior.
52.	Summarize five personality disorders highlighted in your text.

PSY101: Practice Test 4

1.          Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria used by psychologists to determine whether a behavior is abnormal?

A)         Morality

B)         Social deviance

C)         Dangerousness

D)         Unusualness

E)         Emotionally distressing

2.          Garth goes to a psychodynamic therapist for treatment of his anxiety. What will be the goal of Garth's therapy?

A)         To unroot unconscious conflicts that have given rise to his anxiety

B)         To determine the biological cause of his anxiety and find the right drug to treat it

C)         To become aware of his true feelings, fix his self-image, and come to accept himself the way he is

D)         To identify and change the irrational thought patterns that have led to his anxiety

E)         To determine how factors like his gender, social class, and ethnicity interact to make him anxious

3.          In experiments with Little Albert, Watson demonstrated

A)         the need to consider cognitive, as well as learning, influences in abnormal behavior.

B)         the inability of young children to acquire phobias.

C)         the role of classical conditioning in the development of  phobias.

D)         the ease with which instinctual fears are demonstrated in young children.

E)         the role of operant conditioning in fostering aggression.

4.          Humanistic theorists contend that abnormal behavior

A)         is the result of unconscious processes.

B)         is the result of conditioning.

C)         develops from encountering obstacles on the road to personal growth.

D)         involves distorted cognitions as well as learning influences.

E)         results from the stress of coping with poverty and social disadvantage.

5.          In the DSM, diagnostic classifications are provided in

A)         Axis I and Axis II.

B)         Axis II and Axis III.

C)         Axis III and Axis IV.

D)         Axis IV and Axis V.

E)         Axis II only.

6.          All but which of the following people have a specific phobia?

A)         Joe, who is afraid of spiders

B)         Pat, who is afraid of heights

C)         Nicole, who is afraid of venturing out into open places

D)         Michael, who is afraid of snakes

E)         Meghan, who is afraid of flying in airplanes

7.          Angelique has not left her house for two years. She is completely terrified of going out. She is probably suffering from

A)         agoraphobia.

B)         social phobia.

C)         specific phobia.

D)         panic disorder.

E)         posttraumatic stress disorder.

8.          Persistent anxiety without a specific focus is called

A)         generalized anxiety disorder.

B)         obsessive-compulsive disorder.

C)         agoraphobia.

D)         social phobia.

E)         panic disorder.

9.          Obsessive-compulsive disorder may be linked to irregularities in the brain regions that

A)         respond to danger cues.

B)         process memories.

C)         control heart rate.

D)         regulate decision-making.

E)         respond to the neurotransmitter dopamine.

10.        Dissociative identity disorder is a more technical term for

A)         multiple personality disorder.

B)         neurosis.

C)         schizophrenia.

D)         generalized anxiety disorder.

E)         antisocial personality disorder.

11.        A loss of physical function that has no organic cause is the primary symptom of

A)         hypochondriasis.

B)         dissociative identity disorder.

C)         conversion disorder.

D)         schizophrenia.

E)         dissociative amnesia.

12.        Bonnie has been feeling extremely sad for the last two months. She has difficulty getting out of bed to face the day and has lost interest in formerly pleasurable activities. Occasionally, she thinks about committing suicide. She sounds like she may be suffering from

A)         mania.

B)         antisocial personality disorder.

C)         bipolar disorder.

D)         major depressive disorder.

E)         conversion disorder.

13.        Freudian theory contends that depression

A)         represents the defense mechanism of displacement.

B)         is genetically based.

C)         represents anger turned inward.

D)         is a form of attention-getting.

E)         results from a lack of reinforcement.

14.        Ceci has a depressive attributional style. When she fails, Ceci is likely to make which types of attributions?

A)         Internal, global, and stable

B)         Internal, specific, and stable

C)         Internal, global, and unstable

D)         External, global, and stable

E)         External, specific, and unstable

15.        The removal of normal restraints that serve to keep impulsive behaviors in check is called

A)         an exit event.

B)         a cognitive distortion.

C)         a negative symptom.

D)         waxy flexibility.

E)         the disinhibition effect.

16.        The most common form of hallucinations in schizophrenia is

A)         visual.

B)         olfactory.

C)         auditory.

D)         tactile.

E)         kinesthetic.

17.        Which of the following is a major type of schizophrenia?

A)         Delusional

B)         Depressive

C)         Profound

D)         Paranoid

E)         Organized

18.        Which of the following brain regions seem to be most affected in cases of schizophrenia?

A)         Prefrontal cortex and limbic system

B)         Limbic system and hypothalamus

C)         Hypothalamus and medulla

D)         Medulla and prefrontal cortex

E)         Thalamus and medulla

19.        Extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others is characteristic of which personality disorder?

A)         Schizoid

B)         Borderline

C)         Paranoid

D)         Narcissistic

E)         Obsessive-compulsive

20.        Diana has borderline personality disorder. Which of the following best describes the major symptom of her disorder?

A)         Tendency toward mood swings and stormy relationships with others

B)         Extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others

C)         Pattern of avoiding social relationships out of fear of rejection

D)         Excessive need for orderliness and attention to detail

E)         Odd or eccentric, but not psychotic, behaviors

21.        All but which of the following have been implicated in antisocial personality disorder?

A)         Familial environment characterized by neglect and harsh punishment

B)         Underlying brain abnormalities

C)         Low levels of dopamine production

D)         Genetics

E)         Need for high levels of stimulation to maintain optimal level of arousal

22.        According to a psychoanalyst, anxiety results from

A)         unacceptable impulses that threaten to leak into consciousness.

B)         the id's desire to meet the demands of the ego.

C)         the id's desire to meet the demands of the superego.

D)         the superego's attempts to satisfy the ego.

E)         a failure of  the superego to control the ego.

23.        During a visit to his therapist, Ishmael was asked to begin talking about whatever was on his mind even if it seems trivial or irrelevant. This is an example of

A)         transference.

B)         interpretation.

C)         countertransference.

D)         free association.

E)         insight.

24.        In therapy, unconditional positive regard is

A)         the therapist's complete acceptance of the client.

B)         accepting the client only when s/he behaves acceptably.

C)         accepting the client only when s/he approaches self-actualization.

D)         the therapist's ability to express genuine feelings.

E)         the ability to accurately mirror the client's feelings and experiences.

25.        Brooke goes to a Gestalt therapist.  In her therapy, Brooke will probably be encouraged to

A)         analyze early childhood traumas.

B)         focus on how she is feeling in the here-and-now.

C)         suppress uncomfortable feelings.

D)         accept other people unconditionally.

E)         develop a fear hierarchy.

26.        Computer technology has been used for a new form of exposure therapy called

A)         electroconvulsive therapy.

B)         rational emotive behavior therapy.

C)         virtual therapy.

D)         cybertherapy.

E)         online therapy.

27.        The idea that irrational beliefs lead to emotional distress is at the core of which approach to therapy?

A)         Behavior therapy

B)         Rational-emotive behavior therapy

C)         Humanistic therapy

D)         Gestalt therapy

E)         Client-centered therapy

28.        Which type of therapy focuses on helping families focus on changing disruptive patterns of communication and improving the ways in which members relate to each other?

A)         Group therapy

B)         Marital therapy

C)         Couples therapy

D)         Family therapy

E)         Behavioral modification

29.        Vanessa feels an attachment toward her therapist and the therapy process. Vanessa's experience is referred to as

A)         a specific factor.

B)         countertransference.

C)         the therapeutic alliance.      

D)         a placebo effect.

E)         transference.

30.        Most of the antipsychotic drugs target which neurotransmitter?

A)         Serotonin

B)         Dopamine

C)         Acetylcholine

D)         GABA

E)         Norepinephrine

31.        Phenothiazines would be used to treat which of the following people?

A)         Tobey, who has schizophrenia

B)         Kirsten, who has bulimia

C)         Sami, who has bipolar disorder

D)         Michelle, who has an anxiety disorder

E)         Alfredo, who has major depression

32.        Common side effects of antidepressants are

A)         muscle ache and drowsiness.

B)         agitation and aggression.

C)         sexual dysfunction and dry mouth.

D)         muscular tremors and impairments in memory.

E)         rigidity and severe movement disorders.

33.        Marjorie receives treatment for depression. In her treatment, Marjorie receives jolts of electricity through her head. What is Marjorie's treatment?

A)         Aversive conditioning

B)         Prefrontal lobotomy

C)         Systematic desensitization

D)         Psychosurgery

E)         Electroconvulsive therapy

34.        What was the hope of the community-based care movement?

A)         That promising psychotropic drugs could help people deal more effectively with psychological disorders

B)         That mental patients could be reintegrated into society instead of being hospitalized for the long-term

C)         That mental hospitals would reflect the values of their community

D)         That the treatment of the mentally ill would be humanized

E)         That costs of caring for the mentally ill would be reduced

35.        You meet a psychologist who explains behavior in terms of ego, defense mechanisms, and psychosexual stages. This psychologist represents which view of personality?

A)         Trait

B)         Social-cognitive

C)         Humanist

D)         Psychoanalytic

E)         Levels-of-consciousness

36.        In psychoanalytic theory, ______ is to reality principle as ______ is to pleasure principle.

A)         ego; superego

B)         superego; id

C)         id; ego

D)         superego; ego

E)         ego; id

37.        After 6-year-old Samantha's baby brother was born, she started to have temper tantrums the way she had when she was two. This may be a case of

A)         repression.

B)         regression.

C)         projection.

D)         displacement.

E)         sublimation.

38.        What is the correct ordering of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?

A)         Anal, oral, latency, phallic, genital

B)         Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

C)         Oral, anal, latency, phallic, genital

D)         Oral, phallic, anal, latency, genital

E)         Anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital

39.        Jung believed that similarities among cultures in dream images, art, and religious symbols are explained by the

A)         personal unconscious.

B)         collective unconscious.

C)         creative self.

D)         cultural consciousness.

E)         reality principle.

40.        In Allport's view, cardinal traits are

A)         the most pervasive characteristics of one's personality.

B)         basic building blocks of personality.

C)         specific preferences.

D)         fluctuating patterns of behavior.

E)         superficial traits inferred from observation.

41.        Which of the following is not one of the four basic personality types derived from the Eysenck Personality Inventory?

A)         Introverted-stable

B)         Extraverted-psychotic

C)         Extraverted-stable

D)         Introverted-neurotic

E)         Extraverted-neurotic

42.        In the five-factor model of personality, the extent to which a person is sensitive, warm, and tolerant versus callous, cold, and hostile is captured in which personality factor?

A)         Extraversion

B)         Neuroticism

C)         Openness

D)         Conscientiousness

E)         Agreeableness

43.        In social-cognitive theory, all but which of the following play a role in explaining personality?

A)         A person's rewards and punishments

B)         Expectancies a person holds about the outcomes of her/his behavior

C)         The value a person places on rewards

D)         The ways in which a person thinks about him/herself

E)         A person's unconscious impulses

44.        According to the text, the most important influence of the social-cognitive theorists was the

A)         development of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

B)         design of programs to help parents learn better parenting skills.

C)         introduction of the idea that unconscious influences and genetically based traits can explain much of human behavior.

D)         identification of concepts like locus of control and self-efficacy.

E)         presentation of the view that people are active seekers and interpreters of information, not just responders to environmental influences.

45.        According to humanists, personality is

A)         one's consistent manner of behavior.

B)         the interaction between genes and environment.

C)         the expression of conscious experience of directing ourselves towards achieving our own unique potentials.

D)         determined by reinforcement and punishment.

E)         based on a hierarchy of pervasive characteristics.

46.        A(n) ______ culture is one that emphasizes social roles and obligations.

A)         archetypal

B)         self-actualized

C)         individualistic

D)         humanistic

E)         collectivistic

47.        On the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the number of items scored in the same direction as the diagnostic group are converted into

A)         raw scores.

B)         reliability scales.

C)         five factors.

D)         standard scores.

E)         validity scales.

48.        Rorschach developed a famous personality test that uses __________ as stimuli.

A)         inkblots

B)         geometric patterns

C)         ambiguous photographs

D)         stick figures

E)         artwork

49.        Most of the skills valued in our society are

A)         irrelevant to the concept of self-esteem.

B)         capable of being achieved by most people.

C)         out of the reach of all but the most talented.

D)         not clearly defined.

E)         academic and athletic.

50.        When social psychologists discuss impression formation, what are they talking about?

A)         A person's efforts to make a good impression on someone else

B)         The process by which people form opinions of others

C)         The tendency to form impressions of other people's behavior after a period of time of getting to know them.

D)         The tendency to ignore first impressions

E)         The expectation that someone will behave the way you predict

51.        When Anne first met Jules, he had been suffering from insomnia and was a little short-tempered. Subsequently, when she was around Jules, she interpreted a lot of what he did as reflecting his hostile personality. This reflects the power of

A)         social schemas.

B)         stereotyping.

C)         discrimination.

D)         cognitive dissonance.

E)         self-fulfilling prophecy.

52.        Randy believes that all people from Cropilia are basically aggressive. When he meets a Cropilian, he acts more aggressive himself. The Cropilian responds with aggressive behavior, which Randy takes as a confirmation of his belief in their aggressiveness. This best describes

A)         cultural stereotyping.

B)         self-serving attribution.

C)         the fundamental attribution error.

D)         cognitive dissonance.

E)         a self-fulfilling prophecy.

53.        The fundamental attribution error involves

A)         taking credit for your own good behavior.

B)         taking the blame for your own bad behavior.

C)         overemphasizing internal factors when explaining the behavior of others.

D)         overemphasizing situational factors when explaining the behavior of others.

E)         overemphasizing internal factors when explaining personal successes and situational factors when explaining personal failures.

54.        Junie is from a culture that values self-criticism and humility. Other factors being equal, Junie is ______ than someone from a culture that values the protection of self-esteem.

A)         less likely to show a self-serving bias

B)         more likely to show the actor-observer effect

C)         more likely to make the fundamental attribution error

D)         more likely to make dispositional attributions when explaining the behavior of others

E)         less likely to recognize the need to work harder in the future

55.        Cognitive dissonance results when

A)         a person makes the fundamental attribution error.

B)         one's attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent.

C)         stereotypes are confirmed through experience.

D)         attraction is high between two people.

E)         elaboration likelihood is high.

56.        A popular diet company hires a physician to advertise their weight-loss program. Which source variable is the company trying to influence?

A)         Likeability

B)         Similarity

C)         Credibility

D)         Originality

E)         Attractiveness

57.        Research on attraction suggests that you will be most attracted to someone who is

A)         similar to you.

B)         different from you.

C)         more attractive than you.

D)         less attractive than you.

E)         uninterested in you.

58.        From the perspective of the field of psychology, love is

A)         a motive, but not an emotion.

B)         an emotion, but not a motive.

C)         both an emotion and a motive.

D)         impossible to study.

E)         a topic not worthy of study.

59.        Discrimination represents which attitudinal component of prejudice?

A)         Cognition

B)         Behavior

C)         Feeling

D)         Emotion

E)         Belief

60.        One possible biological explanation for aggression involves the neurotransmitter ______, which acts like a “behavioral seat belt.”

A)         dopamine

B)         serotonin

C)         acetylcholine

D)         GABA

E)         melatonin

61.        The tendency to adjust one's behavior to actual or perceived social pressures is called

A)         obedience.

B)         conformity.

C)         groupthink.

D)         prejudice.

E)         compliance.

62.        Studies of gender differences in conformity suggest that women are ______ men to conform

A)         much more likely than

B)         slightly more likely than

C)         equally likely as

D)         slightly less likely than

E)         much less likely than

63.        In Milgram's study on blind obedience, ______ percent of the original subjects obeyed every order. In subsequent studies, when the subjects instructed others to administer the shock, the obedience rate ______.

A)         25; rose to about half

B)         33; rose to more than half

C)         65; rose to more than 90%

D)         33; fell to about 20%

E)         25; fell to about 10%

64.        ______ play(s) a role in explaining why people obey immoral commands.

A)         Social validation, but not legitimization of authority,

B)         Social comparison, but not legitimization of authority,

C)         Legitimization of authority, but not social validation,

D)         Legitimization of authority, but not social comparison,

E)         Social comparison and legitimization of authority

65.        A social psychological explanation of the poor decisions of President Kennedy's administration in the Bay of Pigs incident relies on which principle?

A)         Obedience

B)         Social facilitation

C)         Social loafing

D)         Cognitive dissonance

E)         Groupthink

66.        People with a high need for consistency are more likely to be susceptible to which compliance technique?

A)         Bait-and-switch

B)         Switch-and-pay

C)         Foot-in-the-door

D)         Low-ball

E)         Door-in-the-face