Liberty
University PHIL 201 Module Week 3 Study
Guide Lesson 7 solutions answers right
Study
Guide Lesson 8
Study
Guide Lesson 9
Study Guide: Lesson
7
Introducing Metaphysics
Lesson Overview
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy
that deals with questions of reality. Since it deals with literally everything
that exists, it is perhaps the broadest branch of philosophy. However, we will
briefly spend time in this area. In this lesson, we will introduce some of the
questions that we seek to answer in metaphysics as well as some basic metaphysical
terminology you will need to master as we discuss metaphysical issues. We will
also discuss the issue of method in arriving at answers to our metaphysical
questions.
Tasks
Review and take notes of the presentation,
“Metaphysical Terminology.”
- Know
the 4 characteristics of properties.
- Know
the 4 characteristics of substances.
- Know
the different kinds of properties and substances.
- Know
the difference between property, substance, and essence.
- Know
three different view of essence.
Read Chapter 1 of Metaphysics: Constructing a World View, “Introducing Metaphysics.”
As you do, make sure you understand the following points and questions:
·
Explain the 3 metaphysical questions.
·
What is the meaning of ultimately real?
·
Why is “man’s place in the real” significant?
·
Know the method for doing metaphysics and
the 2 rules of thumb.
·
Identify the 3 kinds of beliefs we may
take as our staring point in metaphysical investigation.
·
Explain the role of authority in
metaphysical investigation including the different types of authorities.
·
Describe the relationship between
Christian theology and philosophical investigation (noting the important
distinctions).
·
What is the function of a metaphysical
theory?
·
Explain 3 ways we can evaluate
metaphysical theories.
Terms
Make sure you can explain the following
terms and concepts:
|
·
Property
·
Accidental Property
·
Essential Property
·
Substance
·
Universal
·
Particular
·
Essence
·
Metaphysical Realism
·
Nominalism
·
Conceptualism
|
·
Basic Constituent
·
Wholism
·
Metaphysical Data
·
Legal Authority
·
Expert Authority
·
Religious Authority
·
Factual Adequacy
·
Logical Consistency
·
Explanatory Power
|
Study Guide:
Lesson 8
Free
Will and Determinism
Lesson
Overview
In
this lesson, we examine our first metaphysical question: Does man really have
free will or are his choices ultimately determined by factors outside of his
control? Is it some combination of the 2? Finally, what part does God play in
this question? We will look at a number of responses to these questions and
critique them.
Tasks
View
and take notes from the presentation, “Free Will and Determinism.”
Read
Chapter 2 of Metaphysics: Constructing a
World View, “Freedom and Necessity.” As you do, make sure you understand
the following points and questions:
- Identify the
preliminary problems and objections to free choice.
- Explain the
meanings of determinism and libertarianism.
- Know the meaning of
compatibilism, its benefits, and its problems.
- What are 2
misconceptions of determinism?
- Explain the
arguments for determinism: psychological and scientific.
- List and explain
Problem with determinism’s arguments.
- What is the
misconception of libertarianism?
- Explain the
following arguments for libertarianism: intuitive experience, morality,
and rationality.
- What are
determinist’s responses to the moral and rational arguments?
- Explain the meaning
and problem of predestination/theological determinism.
- What is the meaning
and problem of divine foreknowledge?
- Know various
proposed solutions to the problem of foreknowledge.
- Explain the meaning
of divine timelessness and its solution to the problem of foreknowledge.
Terms
Make
sure you can explain the following terms and concepts:
|
·
Determinism
·
Libertarianism
·
Compatibilism/Soft-Determinism
·
Immediate
Cause
·
Proximate
Cause
·
Prior
Cause
|
·
Psychological
Determinism
·
Methodological
Assumption
·
Clockwork
Universe
·
Predestination
·
Divine
Foreknowledge
·
Divine
Timelessness
|
Study Guide:
Lesson 9
The Mind/Body Problem
Lesson Overview
In this lesson, we take on one of the most
puzzling issues in metaphysics—the relationship between the immaterial mind and
the material body. What is the nature of this relationship? Are there 2
substances, mind and body, or is it
possible to reduce these to just 1 substance, mind or body? This is not just an abstract philosophical question, for
it goes to the heart of who we are and has implications for psychology,
morality, and theology.
Tasks
View and take notes from the presentation,
“The Mind/Body Problem.”
View and take notes of the presentation,
“Proposed Solutions to the Mind/Body Problem.”
Read Chapter 3 of Metaphysics: Constructing a World View, “Minds and Bodies.” As you
do, make sure you understand the following points and questions:
- Know
Hasker’s statement of the mystery of the mind and body (and its difference
from the problem as stated in the power point presentations).
- Explain
the distinction between mental and physical properties.
- What
is Behaviorism’s way of avoiding the problem?
- What
is Idealism’s way of avoiding the problem?
- Identify
the problems with behaviorism and idealism.
- What
is the meaning of dualism and dualistic interactionism?
- What
arguments/advantages of dualism and what are the problems with this view?
- Explain
the meaning of materialism and the identity theory.
- Identify
the arguments/advantages of materialism and problems with the view.
- Explain
the meaning of emergentism.
- Compare
and contrast the mind (soul) of dualism with emergentism.
- Know
the following problem of life after death for emergentism (also note the
problem mentioned in the power point presentations with epiphenomalism—it
may hold with Hasker’s emergentism as well).
- Explain
the meaning of John Hick’s view of resurrection as re-creation and the
problems with such a view.
Terms
Make sure you can explain the following
terms and concepts:
|
·
Substance Dualism
·
Causal Relationship
·
Contiguity
·
Priority
·
Necessary Connection
·
The Mind/Body Problem
·
Interactionism
·
Parallelism
·
Pre-Established Harmony
·
Occasionalism
|
·
Epiphenomenalism
·
Idealism
·
Materialism
·
Physical Property
·
Mental Property
·
Philosophical Behaviorism
·
Identity Theory
·
Emergentism
·
Re-Embodied vs. Re-Created
|
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