Liberty University PHIL 201
Module Week 4 Study
Guide Lesson 11 solutions answers right
Study Guide Lesson 10
Study Guide Lesson 12
Study Guide: Lesson 11
Acquiring Knowledge
Lesson Overview
In our introductory lesson in epistemology, we defined
knowledge as “justified true belief.” In our last lesson, we discussed the
“truth” aspect of this definition. In this lesson, we want to examine the
“belief” element. Knowledge begins by adopting beliefs and one question
philosophers have deliberated about for centuries has to do with the source of
our beliefs: where do they come from? That is the subject of our reading and
our presentation. There is some overlap between these, but consider one as
expounding upon the other.
Tasks
View and take notes on the presentation, “How are
Beliefs Acquired?”
·
According to Plato, how do we learn
things?
·
How did Descartes arrive at the existence
of God? Matter?
·
Explain Kant’s combination of empiricism
and rationalism and his radical conclusion.
Read and take notes on Chapter 3 of How Do You Know? A Short Introduction to the
Issues of Epistemology, “Where Does Knowledge Come From?” As you do,
consider the following questions and points:
·
List the 5 sources for knowledge.
·
Explain Plato’s doctrine of the forms and
the 2 worlds, and why Plato was hesitant to build a theory of knowledge on the
physical world.
·
How do we gain true knowledge according to
Plato?
·
Explain Plato’s divided line.
·
What was Descartes searching for and how
did he conduct that search?
·
Why can Descartes be certain about is
existence?
·
What is the distinction between hard and
soft empiricism?
·
How does the epicurean view of reality affect
their epistemology?
·
Contrast the deductive method with Bacon’s
inductive (scientific) method.
·
Explain Locke’s empiricism including his
division of simple and complex ideas.
·
Explain Hume’s radical empiricism
including Hume’s Fork and the conclusion he reaches based on the egocentric
predicament.
·
Why are epistemologists suspicious of
testimony as a source for knowledge?
·
Why is divine revelation an important
source of knowledge about God?
·
Is faith properly understood as a source
of knowledge? Why or why not?
Terms
Make sure you fully understand the following terms and
concepts:
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·
Rationalism
·
A priori
·
Form
·
World of Being
·
World of Becoming
·
Divided Line
·
Intuition
·
Empiricism
·
Epicureanism
·
Bacon’s Inductive Method
·
Tabula Rasa
·
Simple Idea
·
Complex Idea
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·
Hume’s Fork
·
Relations of Ideas
·
Matters of Facts
·
Egocentric Predicament
·
Faith
·
Belief
·
Recollection
·
Cogito
Ergo Sum
·
Ontological Argument for God
·
Categories of Understanding
·
Noumena
·
Phenomena
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Study Guide: Lesson 10
What Is Epistemology? And What Is Knowledge?
Lesson Overview
With this lesson, we begin a new unit on
epistemology, which is the philosophical study of knowledge claims. In this first
lesson on epistemology, Dew and Foreman discuss some of the basic issues raised
in the study of epistemology and then discuss the nature of knowledge itself.
They consider questions such as, “What do we mean when we say we know
something?” “What exactly is knowledge?
Tasks
View and take notes of the presentation, “What
is Knowledge?”
- Describe the 3 different ways we use the
term know.
- Explain the traditional definition of
knowledge from Plato.
- Know what each aspect of the traditional
definition means.
Read Chapters 1 (“What is Epistemology?”) and 2
(“What is Knowledge?”) of How Do We Know?”
As you do, make sure you understand the following points and questions:
- What are the kinds of
questions arise in the study of epistemology?
- Know the kinds of questions
that preoccupy epistemologists.
- Know the basic reasons
why the study of epistemology is important.
- What are the different
ways that the word “know” might be used?
- How did Plato define
knowledge?
- Know the difference
between true opinion and knowledge.
- What are some of the
basic problems/concerns with JTB?
- What is the Gettier
Problem?
- What are some of the
common strategies for resolving the Gettier Problem?
- Is JTB of any value to
us after the Gettier Problem?
Terms
Make sure you can explain the following terms
and concepts:
|
·
Epistemology
·
Traditional Definition of Knowledge
·
Justified, True, Belief
·
Gettier Problem
·
Necessary Condition
·
Sufficient Condition
|
·
Knowledge by Acquaintance
·
Knowledge as Competency
·
Propositional Knowledge
·
True Opinion
·
Belief
·
Justification
·
Truth
·
Reliabilist Accounts of Knowledge
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Study Guide: Lesson 12
What Is Truth?
Lesson Overview
In this lesson, we turn our attention to the
issue of truth and ask two basic questions: what is truth? and how do we find
it? We discuss whether or not anything is actually true and then look at
traditional ways that truth has been defined: correspondence, coherentism, and
pragmatism. We will examine each of these theories and how each relates to
truth.
Tasks
View and take notes of the presentation, “What
is Truth?”
- Know the strengths and criticisms of the 3
different truth theories.
- Be able to answer the criticisms of the
correspondence theory.
Read Chapter 4 of How Do We Know? An Introduction to Epistemology. As you do,
consider the following questions and points:
- Why do postmodern
anti-realists reject truth claims?
- What is wrong with the
postmodern rejection of truth claims?
- What are the 4 reasons
Dew and Foreman give in favor of making truth claims?
- What are the differences
between a definition of truth and a test for truth?
- Which theory of truth
has enjoyed the most historical support?
- What is a coherentist
theory of truth?
- What is wrong with
coherentism as a theory of truth?
- What epistemic value
does coherentism have in helping us identify truth?
- What is a pragmatist
theory of truth?
- What is the primary
concern for pragmatists?
- What kinds of epistemological
problems does pragmatism face?
- What does the
correspondence theory of truth say about the nature of truth?
- Why is a correspondence
theory of truth thought to be pretheoretic?
- How is a correspondence
theory of truth supported by biblical Christianity?
- How does the
correspondence theory of truth relate to modern science?
- What value, if any, do
coherentism and pragmatism have as tests for truth?
Terms
Make sure you can explain the following terms
and concepts:
|
·
Correspondence Theory
·
Coherence Theory
·
Pragmatic Theory
·
Anti-Realism
·
Postmodern Thought
·
Definitions of Truth
·
Solipsism
|
·
Tests for Truth
·
Web Metaphor
·
Relativism
·
Pragmatism and the Law of Non-Contradiction
·
Pretheoretic Intuitions
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