Tuesday, May 9, 2017

Liberty University HIUS 221 Mindtap Activities 4 answers solutions

Liberty University HIUS 221 Mindtap Activities 4 answers solutions

5.1 Picturing History
Use the dropdown menus to complete the paragraph.
The Articles of Confederation served as the foundation for the U.S. Constitution, which expanded the role of the federal government. Among the structures altered under the Constitution was the formal pronouncement that the chief executive would be called the. The legislative branch of government, Congress, was redesigned to be. This structure, along with the executive and judicial branches, created a system of checks and balances between the three. Further changes were made to how amendments would be handled; a vote from of the states’ legislatures would be necessary to ratify amendments to the Constitution.

The Articles of Confederation served as the foundation for the U.S. Constitution. The new Constitution altered the structures of government. A new body called the  was established to adjudicate disputes between states. This power was previously held by. This structure created a system of checks and balances between the three branches of federal government. Further changes included expanding the power of Congress to.

5.6 Challenges of Confederation
Imagine that you and your family are living in rural Virginia in 1785. The nation is currently governed under the Articles of Confederation. You’re discussing the state of the economy and the nation with your husband, William. Fill in the blanks to complete the conversation.

YOU: I’ve had it with Congress. It has been three years since the signing of the Treaty of Paris, and we still haven’t seen the money that we’re owed! I haven’t received any money from my military pension. I was also promised, yet here I sit, without that either.
ABNER: It could be worse. I wasted two whole years camping with Washington’s Continental army in New York. They were barely able to give us enough wages, clothes, or even food. No wonder Congress Washington’s request to maintain a standing national army.
YOU: If Congress were able to, maybe they would be able to pay us and have that national army as well. As it stands now, our country is defended only by.
ABNER: It makes you wonder why we fought the war in the first place!

LYDIA: Dear husband, I was hoping we could talk about our finances. Ever since the war, it seems like the cost of food here in Boston has.
YOU: I know, my dear. I have been looking at the books as well. We haven’t been able to import as many goods as I would like. Also, since no one trusts the paper currency issued by Congress, I have had to rely on for most transactions, which is cumbersome.
LYDIA: Have you heard the rumors about a new Bank of North America? I have heard they are issuing loans, and their paper currency is backed by gold and silver, so it is risky than Congress’s paper currency.
YOU: I will consider looking into it. I do worry what would happen if we couldn’t pay off such a loan, however. If anything happens to limit trade in our new country, it is possible that our business could.

WILLIAM: I must say, it is good to be a farmer in these uncertain economic times. We may not live in one of the big cities like Richmond, but at least we, unlike those city folk.
YOU: Yes, but our family is growing fast, and there isn’t much available land around here for our children to own once they reach adulthood. I think we should consider moving to the new territories that have opened up in the.
WILLIAM: I have considered that, but Congress has set such a high price for plots of land for settlers: almost $1 an acre. It is frustrating, since Congress has been selling land to for just a few cents per acre.
YOU: I heard that some families are planning to move to the new territories without buying land from the government. They will either become squatters on unoccupied land or purchase land from .
WILLIAM: That’s an interesting idea. And with Congress unable to raise enough money to support the army, there wouldn’t be much the government could do to stop us.

You have become acquainted with a member of the Connecticut delegation. Since Connecticut is a small northern state, this delegate most likely originally supported the federal structure outlined by the Plan. When it comes to the issue of slavery, he believes that slaves be counted as part of a state’s total population.

5.7 Constitutional Reform
Answer the following questions based on the video.
What action helped to guarantee that the necessary number of states would ratify the Constitution?
The Antifederalists recognized that they would need to let go of their demand for a bill of rights in order for the Constitution to be ratified by the necessary number of states.
The Federalists recognized that they would need to concede to the Antifederalist demands for a bill of rights.
Both the Federalists and the Antifederalists ended their extended debate for the sake of having the necessary number of states ratify the Constitution.
Answer the following questions based on the video.
Why was New Hampshire’s decision to ratify the constitution especially significant?
It broke the gridlock between those states that favored ratification and those who opposed it.
As the ninth state to do so, it propelled the constitution into law.
As the first state to do so, it encouraged others to follow suit.

In what way did Federalists think that most individuals would interpret a bill of rights?
As an infringement of their rights as free individuals
As a list of the only rights individuals possessed
As a guarantee of individual liberties
Why did the Antifederalists oppose the Constitution?
The Antifederalists wanted a strong federal government, but the Constitution provided for a weak federal government.
The Antifederalists did not support the Constitution because it contained a bill of rights.
The Antifederalists feared that the Constitution put too much power in the hands of the federal government and did not contain a guarantee of individual liberties.
Why did the Federalists support the Constitution?
The Federalists believed the Constitution provided for a weak federal government, which they favored.
The Federalists embraced the Constitution because it contained a bill of rights, which guaranteed individual liberties.
The Federalists believed that a strong federal government would ensure prosperity and protect the people.

Imagine that you are a plantation owner from North Carolina who supports the idea of a stronger central government. You are considering your opinions as you travel to the Constitutional Convention as a delegate. Use the dropdown menus to complete the sentences.
As a member of the delegation of the large southern state of North Carolina, you most likely originally supported the federal structure outlined by the Plan. Eventually, though, the convention decided to accept a hybrid plan known as the Great Compromise. When it comes to how slaves are treated according to the Great Compromise, you think that slaves be counted as part of a state’s total population.
You have become acquainted with a member of the Connecticut delegation. Since Connecticut is a small northern state, this delegate most likely originally supported the federal structure outlined by the Plan. When it comes to the issue of slavery, he believes that slaves be counted as part of a state’s total population.

6.2 The First Party System
Imagine that it is 1793 and you are having dinner with your brother, William. Use the dropdown menus to complete the conversation.

JOHN: So, you come from Massachusetts. Is it safe to assume that you are affiliated with the?
YOU: Actually, yes. I believe in.
JOHN: I fear that that will be the ruin of our new United States. However, to keep this trip pleasant, maybe we should discuss topics besides politics.

WILLIAM: I never thought of myself as political, but I strongly agree with the Democratic-Republican Party and believe the future of our nation should be in.
YOU: I agree. But the Federalists are becoming very strong in their argument for expansive powers for Congress.
WILLIAM: Well, with talk like that, you sound like.

Political activity surrounding the election of 1800 highlighted party politics that can occur during and between election cycles. For example, Adams made what Jefferson referred to as “midnight appointments,” meaning that Adams made political appointments. After Jefferson was inaugurated, he investigated political appointments even more and.

Identify the president associated with each sentiment, as well as his party affiliation.
Presidential Sentiment
Adams
Jefferson
Federalist
Democratic-Republican
When it comes to ensuring the health of our nation, farmers are our most valuable citizens.




State and local governments should have most of the responsibility in maintaining their communities.




Newspapers that criticize the government should incur fines.





Political activity during the election of 1800 highlighted party politics that can occur during and between election cycles. For example, Adams enacted the Judiciary Act of 1801 in an attempt to. Had this act not been repealed, Adams would have solidified his party’s power by denying Jefferson a.

Political activity during the elections of 1798 and 1800 highlighted how party politics can impact elections. For example, the Federalists won congressional elections in 1798 after enacting laws to restrict immigration and making Democratic-Republicans appear and thus un-American. However, after the Convention of 1800 eliminated the fear of invasion, the restrictive laws of the Federalist Party began to be interpreted negatively, and a won the election of 1800.

Answer the following questions based on the video.
Which of the following statements does not characterize the political beliefs of the Republicans?
Republicans believed in the ability of the people to govern themselves and questioned the value of the rule of aristocratic elites.
Republicans placed great value on the American farmer because they believed that the landowner had a vested interest in the survival of the republic.
Republicans believed that a government controlled by the elites would ensure the respect of individual rights and liberties.

Which of the following statements best describes the division between the Federalists and the Republicans?
The Federalists and Republicans were greatly divided over where the nation’s capital should be located.
The Federalists and Republicans possessed significantly different political and economic visions of how best to contribute to the growth and prosperity of the young nation.
The Federalists and Republicans debated which political faction should control Congress and have key positions in Washington’s cabinet.
Which of these groups of people aligned themselves more with Federalists than with Republicans?
Poor landowners
Planters and farmers
Educated artisans and bankers
Which of the following statements does not characterize the political beliefs of the Federalists?
Federalists believed that strong federal government would contribute to the prosperity of the country.
Federalists favored economic policies that would benefit the American farmer and make agriculture the center of the country’s wealth.
Federalists favored a government ruled by elites who possessed the necessary wealth and education to govern.
Federalist and Republican support split the country politically as well as geographically. In which regions did each party garner the most support?
Republicans were strongly supported in the industrial North, while Federalists were supported in the agricultural South and West.
Republicans had their largest base of support in the rural South and West, while Federalists were primarily supported in the urban Northeast.
The industrial North was the political base of the Federalists, the rural South that of the Republicans, and the West was fairly evenly split between the two.

In which region of the nation did Federalists enjoy more support than Republicans and why?
In the rural Northeast, because they believed that people had the capacity (and should be afforded the opportunity) to govern themselves
In the rural South and West, because they believed that only an educated and aristocratic elite had the capacity to govern
In the urban Northeast, because they considered manufacturing and trade to be the centerpieces of the nation’s developing prosperity and power

6.3 Pivotal Presidential Elections
Based on the reading and your analysis of the map about the pivotal presidential election of 1796, complete the paragraph that follows the map by selecting the correct response from each dropdown menu.

won reelection in 1820 by an overwhelming margin. He received 231 electoral votes, which amounted toof the vote. He ran virtually unopposed because of the collapse of the Party in the wake of the Hartford Convention and election of 1816. Despite appearances, the Party’s overwhelming electoral victory did not mean that political partisanship had come to an end in national politics. While it signaled the end of the so-called First Party system, debates over slavery and would set the stage for a new political era known as the Second Party system.

Although the won twenty-four seats in Congress in the election of 1808, Jefferson’s handpicked successor,, won this election. Receivingelectoral votes, he carried the South as well as states in the West such as Kentucky, Tennessee, and. Moreover, the Democratic-Republican Party carried Middle Atlantic states such as New York, New Jersey, and, signaling that the Federalist Party, which had once carried the region, was in decline as a national party.

won this election, receiving electoral votes. He and the Party carried the Middle Atlantic as well as states such as Connecticut, Massachusetts, and in New England. His running mate, however, did not become vice president because received the second most electoral votes. The election results exposed a flaw in the Constitution, for the procedure to elect the executive allowed.

Although the won twenty-four seats in Congress in the election of 1808, Jefferson’s handpicked successor,, won this election. Receivingelectoral votes, he carried the South as well as states in the West such as Tennessee, Ohio, and. Moreover, the Democratic-Republican Party carried Middle Atlantic states such as New Jersey, Maryland, and, signaling that the Federalist Party, which had once carried the region, was in decline as a national party

The outcome of the election was originally in doubt because of, and it fell to the to choose the president. In exchange for a number of political promises, Federalists, who controlled this body of government, threw their support behind the winning candidate,. Both he and Aaron Burr receivedelectoral votes, with the Party carrying the Middle Atlantic as well as states such as North Carolina, Virginia, and in the South.

6.4 Foreign Entanglements
Imagine you have found a letter penned by a seaman working on a ship based in New England in 1796. As you read it, you notice that some of the words have been smudged. Use the dropdown menus to complete the letter.
May 12, 1796
Dear Marjory,
I am sorry to have not written for over three years. My silence must be unbearable, but know that I have had you in my thoughts at all times. Last time I wrote, King Louis XVI had just been executed. Soon after, our captain enlisted our support in the efforts of Edmond Genet. Our orders were to. However, almost all U.S. ports became closed to our ship, making travel difficult and thus ending our efforts for Genet. We then set out on a voyage to export goods to the French West Indies. Before we could deliver our goods, our ship and crew were. I don't intend to upset you with this news, but I have to share all that has happened. I remained safe throughout all of this by becoming close with the captain and an important member of the crew. Thankfully, today is a different day, and things have drastically changed. The Jay Treaty has brought peace to the waters and we are happy the Senate struck down the provision forbidding the exporting of. Our next voyage begins in one week, and I hope to be able to visit you soon after.
With love to you and the family,
Your brother

During the presidency of Thomas Jefferson, the United States found itself mired in a series of tense international disputes with the French and British. Which of the following pieces of legislation did Congress pass in response to British trade restrictions and the impressment of American sailors?
Non-Importation Act of 1806
Monroe Doctrine
Jay Treaty

March 22, 1796
Dear Harriet,
I feel the need to reflect on our current involvement with the French and British. I am sorry if I ramble in this letter, but it always feels good to write about what I am thinking. In the beginning of this conflict, it seemed the were absurd in their support for the French. While I know the British can be aggressive, I had no idea about their abilities at retaliation. Beyond their actions on water, they aided who wanted to resist white settlement. As a Federalist from the North, I  the Jay Treaty. Perhaps it will bring an end to our involvement in this war.
Sincerely,
William

May 12, 1796
Dear Marjory,
I am sorry to have not written for over three years. My silence must be unbearable, but know that I have had you in my thoughts at all times. Last time I wrote, King Louis XVI had just been executed. Soon after, our captain enlisted our support in the efforts of Edmond Genet. Our orders were to. However, almost all U.S. ports became closed to our ship, making travel difficult and thus ending our efforts for Genet. We then set out on a voyage to export goods to the French West Indies. Before we could deliver our goods, our ship and crew were. I don't intend to upset you with this news, but I have to share all that has happened. I remained safe throughout all of this by becoming close with the captain and an important member of the crew. Thankfully, today is a different day, and things have drastically changed. The Jay Treaty has brought peace to the waters and we are happy the Senate struck down the provision forbidding the exporting of. Our next voyage begins in one week, and I hope to be able to visit you soon after.

April 8, 1796
Dear Christophe,
Edmund Genet is a hero! His efforts at expertly thwarting have greatly helped the revolution. American President Washington is a fool to not support our efforts and is even weaker than I thought if he feels compelled to withdraw his support for France after a series of necessary. While these sentiments are more relevant to a few years ago, they are brought up again by the actions of John Jay. Again, we have an ineffective American representing his country in international matters. He could not even get the British to agree to. Our national heroes are at least a small bit more effective than these men. I will send another letter soon to tell you what I have been doing with my time, but right now I so desired to share my French pride with you, my friend.
Take care,
Charles

Shortly after John Adams assumed the presidency, the United States found itself mired in a series of tense international disputes with the French and British. Which of the following events resulted in the XYZ Affair?
U.S. passage of the Non-Importation Act of 1806
A French embargo placed on British goods in 1807
French declaration of the broken alliance between France and the United States

Shortly after John Adams assumed the presidency, the United States found itself mired in a series of tense international disputes with the French and British. Which of the following events resulted in the XYZ Affair?
U.S. passage of the Non-Importation Act of 1806
A French embargo placed on British goods in 1807
French declaration of the broken alliance between France and the United States
Shortly after John Adams assumed the presidency, the United States found itself mired in a series of tense international disputes with the French and British. Which of the following events resulted

Imagine you are a citizen of Chile in 1823 having a conversation with a friend on the street. Use the dropdown menus to complete the conversation.
YOU: I am proud of my efforts for my country. I was ready to sacrifice my life for, but thankfully I am still here.
YOUR FRIEND: And I am glad of that as well. You are a good friend, and I am thankful for all you have done.
YOU: Thank you. The Monroe Doctrine is  policy, in my opinion, but what do you think?
YOUR FRIEND: I agree, but now I wonder what the United States will expect in return.
YOU: There is a great amount of energy in the city right now. Who knew independence from could be so invigorating!
YOUR FRIEND: I know. It seems everyone is breathing a sigh of relief.
YOU: However, I hope this  does not come with a hidden agenda.
YOUR FRIEND: Agreed. It seems necessary to be wary of the intentions of the United States at this point.
YOU: This is a historic time for the United States and its position in the world.
YOUR FRIEND: I would say. Denouncing by other world powers is a bold move for President Monroe.
YOU: That’s true, even if the doctrine was by Russia and Spain.
YOUR FRIEND: Even so, I will drink to our continued prosperity!

YOU: There is a great amount of energy in the city right now. Who knew independence from could be so invigorating!
YOUR FRIEND: I know. It seems everyone is breathing a sigh of relief.
YOU: However, I hope this  does not come with a hidden agenda.
YOUR FRIEND: Agreed. It seems necessary to be wary of the intentions of the United States at this point.

During the presidency of Thomas Jefferson, the United States found itself mired in a series of tense international disputes with the French and British. Which of the following pieces of legislation did Congress pass in response to the June 1807 British bombing of the Chesapeake?
Embargo Act of 1807
Non-Importation Act of 1806
Monroe Doctrine


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