Liberty
University HIUS 221 Mindtap Activities 4 answers solutions
5.1 Picturing History
Use the dropdown menus to complete the
paragraph.
The Articles of Confederation served as the foundation for the U.S.
Constitution, which expanded the role of the federal government. Among the
structures altered under the Constitution was the formal pronouncement that the
chief executive would be called the. The legislative branch of government, Congress,
was redesigned to be. This structure, along with the executive and judicial
branches, created a system of checks and balances between the three. Further
changes were made to how amendments would be handled; a vote from of the
states’ legislatures would be necessary to ratify amendments to the
Constitution.
The Articles of Confederation served as the foundation for the U.S.
Constitution. The new Constitution altered the structures of government. A new
body called the was established to adjudicate disputes between states.
This power was previously held by. This structure created a system of checks
and balances between the three branches of federal government. Further changes
included expanding the power of Congress to.
5.6 Challenges of Confederation
Imagine that you and your family are living
in rural Virginia in 1785. The nation is currently governed under the Articles
of Confederation. You’re discussing the state of the economy and the nation
with your husband, William. Fill in the blanks to complete the conversation.
YOU: I’ve had it with Congress. It
has been three years since the signing of the Treaty of Paris, and we still
haven’t seen the money that we’re owed! I haven’t received any money from my
military pension. I was also promised, yet here I sit, without that either.
ABNER: It could be worse. I wasted
two whole years camping with Washington’s Continental army in New York. They
were barely able to give us enough wages, clothes, or even food. No wonder
Congress Washington’s request to maintain a standing national army.
YOU: If Congress were able to,
maybe they would be able to pay us and have that national army as well. As it
stands now, our country is defended only by.
ABNER: It makes you wonder why we
fought the war in the first place!
LYDIA: Dear husband, I
was hoping we could talk about our finances. Ever since the war, it seems like
the cost of food here in Boston has.
YOU: I know, my dear.
I have been looking at the books as well. We haven’t been able to import as
many goods as I would like. Also, since no one trusts the paper currency issued
by Congress, I have had to rely on for most transactions, which is cumbersome.
LYDIA: Have you heard
the rumors about a new Bank of North America? I have heard they are issuing
loans, and their paper currency is backed by gold and silver, so it is risky
than Congress’s paper currency.
YOU: I will consider
looking into it. I do worry what would happen if we couldn’t pay off such a
loan, however. If anything happens to limit trade in our new country, it is
possible that our business could.
WILLIAM: I must say, it is good to be a farmer in these uncertain economic times.
We may not live in one of the big cities like Richmond, but at least we, unlike
those city folk.
YOU: Yes, but our
family is growing fast, and there isn’t much available land around here for our
children to own once they reach adulthood. I think we should consider moving to
the new territories that have opened up in the.
WILLIAM: I have considered that, but Congress has set such a high price for plots
of land for settlers: almost $1 an acre. It is frustrating, since Congress has
been selling land to for just a few
cents per acre.
YOU: I heard that
some families are planning to move to the new territories without buying land
from the government. They will either become squatters on unoccupied land or
purchase land from .
WILLIAM: That’s an interesting idea. And with Congress unable to raise enough money
to support the army, there wouldn’t be much the government could do to stop us.
You have
become acquainted with a member of the Connecticut delegation. Since
Connecticut is a small northern state, this delegate most likely originally
supported the federal structure outlined by the Plan. When it comes to the
issue of slavery, he believes that slaves be counted as part of a state’s total
population.
5.7 Constitutional Reform
Answer the following questions based on the
video.
What action helped to guarantee that the necessary number of states would
ratify the Constitution?
The Antifederalists recognized that they would need to let go of their
demand for a bill of rights in order for the Constitution to be ratified by the
necessary number of states.
The Federalists recognized that they would need to concede to the
Antifederalist demands for a bill of rights.
Both the Federalists and the Antifederalists ended their extended debate
for the sake of having the necessary number of states ratify the Constitution.
Answer the following questions based on the
video.
Why was New Hampshire’s decision to ratify the constitution especially
significant?
It broke the gridlock between those states that favored ratification and
those who opposed it.
As the ninth state to do so, it propelled the constitution into law.
As the first state to do so, it encouraged others to follow suit.
In what way did Federalists think that most individuals would interpret a
bill of rights?
As an infringement of their rights as free individuals
As a list of the only rights individuals possessed
As a guarantee of individual liberties
Why did the Antifederalists oppose the Constitution?
The Antifederalists wanted a strong federal government, but the
Constitution provided for a weak federal government.
The Antifederalists did not support the Constitution because it contained
a bill of rights.
The Antifederalists feared that the Constitution put too much power in the
hands of the federal government and did not contain a guarantee of individual
liberties.
Why did the Federalists support the Constitution?
The Federalists believed the Constitution provided for a weak federal
government, which they favored.
The Federalists embraced the Constitution because it contained a bill of
rights, which guaranteed individual liberties.
The Federalists believed that a strong federal government would ensure
prosperity and protect the people.
Imagine that you are a plantation owner
from North Carolina who supports the idea of a stronger central government. You
are considering your opinions as you travel to the Constitutional Convention as
a delegate. Use the dropdown menus to complete the sentences.
As a member of the delegation of the large southern state of North
Carolina, you most likely originally supported the federal structure outlined
by the Plan. Eventually, though, the convention decided to accept a hybrid plan
known as the Great Compromise. When it comes to how slaves are treated
according to the Great Compromise, you think that slaves be counted as part of
a state’s total population.
You have become acquainted with a member of the
Connecticut delegation. Since Connecticut is a small northern state, this
delegate most likely originally supported the federal structure outlined by the
Plan. When it comes to the issue of slavery, he believes that slaves be counted
as part of a state’s total population.
6.2 The First Party System
Imagine that it is 1793 and you are having
dinner with your brother, William. Use the dropdown menus to complete the
conversation.
JOHN: So, you come
from Massachusetts. Is it safe to assume that you are affiliated with the?
YOU: Actually, yes. I
believe in.
JOHN: I fear that that
will be the ruin of our new United States. However, to keep this trip pleasant,
maybe we should discuss topics besides politics.
WILLIAM: I never thought of myself as political, but I strongly agree with the
Democratic-Republican Party and believe the future of our nation should be in.
YOU: I agree. But the
Federalists are becoming very strong in their argument for expansive powers for
Congress.
WILLIAM: Well, with talk like that, you sound like.
Political
activity surrounding the election of 1800 highlighted party politics that can
occur during and between election cycles. For example, Adams made what
Jefferson referred to as “midnight appointments,” meaning that Adams made political
appointments. After Jefferson was inaugurated, he investigated political
appointments even more and.
Identify the president associated with each
sentiment, as well as his party affiliation.
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Presidential Sentiment
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Adams
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Jefferson
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Federalist
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Democratic-Republican
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When it comes to ensuring the health of our nation,
farmers are our most valuable citizens.
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State and local governments should have most of the
responsibility in maintaining their communities.
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Newspapers that criticize the government should incur
fines.
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Political activity during the election of 1800 highlighted party politics
that can occur during and between election cycles. For example, Adams enacted
the Judiciary Act of 1801 in an attempt to. Had this act not been repealed,
Adams would have solidified his party’s power by denying Jefferson a.
Political
activity during the elections of 1798 and 1800 highlighted how party politics
can impact elections. For example, the Federalists won congressional elections
in 1798 after enacting laws to restrict immigration and making
Democratic-Republicans appear and thus un-American. However, after the
Convention of 1800 eliminated the fear of invasion, the restrictive laws of the
Federalist Party began to be interpreted negatively, and a won the election of
1800.
Answer the following questions based on the
video.
Which of the following statements does not characterize
the political beliefs of the Republicans?
Republicans believed in the ability of the people to govern themselves and
questioned the value of the rule of aristocratic elites.
Republicans placed great value on the American farmer because they
believed that the landowner had a vested interest in the survival of the
republic.
Republicans believed that a government controlled by the elites would
ensure the respect of individual rights and liberties.
Which of the following statements best describes the division between the
Federalists and the Republicans?
The Federalists and Republicans were greatly divided over where the
nation’s capital should be located.
The Federalists and Republicans possessed significantly different
political and economic visions of how best to contribute to the growth and
prosperity of the young nation.
The Federalists and Republicans debated which political faction should
control Congress and have key positions in Washington’s cabinet.
Which of these groups of people aligned themselves more with Federalists
than with Republicans?
Poor landowners
Planters and farmers
Educated artisans and bankers
Which of the following statements does not characterize
the political beliefs of the Federalists?
Federalists believed that strong federal government would contribute to
the prosperity of the country.
Federalists favored economic policies that would benefit the American
farmer and make agriculture the center of the country’s wealth.
Federalists favored a government ruled by elites who possessed the
necessary wealth and education to govern.
Federalist and Republican support split the country politically as well as
geographically. In which regions did each party garner the most support?
Republicans were strongly supported in the industrial North, while
Federalists were supported in the agricultural South and West.
Republicans had their largest base of support in the rural South and West,
while Federalists were primarily supported in the urban Northeast.
The industrial North was the political base of the Federalists, the rural
South that of the Republicans, and the West was fairly evenly split between the
two.
In which region of the nation did Federalists enjoy more support than
Republicans and why?
In the rural Northeast, because they believed that people had the capacity
(and should be afforded the opportunity) to govern themselves
In the rural South and West, because they believed that only an educated
and aristocratic elite had the capacity to govern
In the urban Northeast, because they considered manufacturing and trade to
be the centerpieces of the nation’s developing prosperity and power
6.3 Pivotal Presidential Elections
Based on the reading and
your analysis of the map about the pivotal presidential election of 1796,
complete the paragraph that follows the map by selecting the correct response
from each dropdown menu.
won
reelection in 1820 by an overwhelming margin. He received 231 electoral votes,
which amounted toof the vote. He ran virtually unopposed because of the
collapse of the Party in the wake of the Hartford Convention and election of
1816. Despite appearances, the Party’s overwhelming electoral victory did not
mean that political partisanship had come to an end in national politics. While
it signaled the end of the so-called First Party system, debates over slavery
and would set the stage for a new political era known as the Second Party
system.
Although the
won twenty-four seats in Congress in the election of 1808, Jefferson’s
handpicked successor,, won this election. Receivingelectoral votes, he carried
the South as well as states in the West such as Kentucky, Tennessee, and.
Moreover, the Democratic-Republican Party carried Middle Atlantic states such
as New York, New Jersey, and, signaling that the Federalist Party, which had
once carried the region, was in decline as a national party.
won this election, receiving electoral votes. He and the Party
carried the Middle Atlantic as well as states such as Connecticut,
Massachusetts, and in New England. His running mate, however, did not become
vice president because received the second most electoral votes. The election
results exposed a flaw in the Constitution, for the procedure to elect the
executive allowed.
Although the
won twenty-four seats in Congress in the election of 1808, Jefferson’s
handpicked successor,, won this election. Receivingelectoral votes, he carried
the South as well as states in the West such as Tennessee, Ohio, and. Moreover,
the Democratic-Republican Party carried Middle Atlantic states such as New
Jersey, Maryland, and, signaling that the Federalist Party, which had once
carried the region, was in decline as a national party
The outcome
of the election was originally in doubt because of, and it fell to the to
choose the president. In exchange for a number of political promises,
Federalists, who controlled this body of government, threw their support behind
the winning candidate,. Both he and Aaron Burr receivedelectoral votes, with
the Party carrying the Middle Atlantic as well as states such as North
Carolina, Virginia, and in the South.
6.4 Foreign Entanglements
Imagine you have found a letter penned by a
seaman working on a ship based in New England in 1796. As you read it, you
notice that some of the words have been smudged. Use the dropdown menus to
complete the letter.
May 12, 1796
Dear Marjory,
I am sorry to have not written for over three years. My silence must be
unbearable, but know that I have had you in my thoughts at all times. Last time
I wrote, King Louis XVI had just been executed. Soon after, our captain
enlisted our support in the efforts of Edmond Genet. Our orders were to.
However, almost all U.S. ports became closed to our ship, making travel
difficult and thus ending our efforts for Genet. We then set out on a voyage to
export goods to the French West Indies. Before we could deliver our goods, our
ship and crew were. I don't intend to upset you with this news, but I have to
share all that has happened. I remained safe throughout all of this by becoming
close with the captain and an important member of the crew. Thankfully, today
is a different day, and things have drastically changed. The Jay Treaty has
brought peace to the waters and we are happy the Senate struck down the
provision forbidding the exporting of. Our next voyage begins in one week, and
I hope to be able to visit you soon after.
With love to you and the family,
Your brother
During the presidency of Thomas Jefferson, the United States found itself
mired in a series of tense international disputes with the French and British.
Which of the following pieces of legislation did Congress pass in response to
British trade restrictions and the impressment of American sailors?
Non-Importation Act of 1806
Monroe Doctrine
Jay Treaty
March 22, 1796
Dear Harriet,
I feel the need to reflect on our current involvement with the French and
British. I am sorry if I ramble in this letter, but it always feels good to
write about what I am thinking. In the beginning of this conflict, it seemed
the were absurd in their support for the French. While I know the British can
be aggressive, I had no idea about their abilities at retaliation. Beyond their
actions on water, they aided who wanted to resist white settlement. As a
Federalist from the North, I the Jay Treaty. Perhaps it will bring an end
to our involvement in this war.
Sincerely,
William
May 12, 1796
Dear Marjory,
I am sorry to have not written for over three years. My silence must be
unbearable, but know that I have had you in my thoughts at all times. Last time
I wrote, King Louis XVI had just been executed. Soon after, our captain
enlisted our support in the efforts of Edmond Genet. Our orders were to.
However, almost all U.S. ports became closed to our ship, making travel
difficult and thus ending our efforts for Genet. We then set out on a voyage to
export goods to the French West Indies. Before we could deliver our goods, our
ship and crew were. I don't intend to upset you with this news, but I have to
share all that has happened. I remained safe throughout all of this by becoming
close with the captain and an important member of the crew. Thankfully, today
is a different day, and things have drastically changed. The Jay Treaty has
brought peace to the waters and we are happy the Senate struck down the
provision forbidding the exporting of. Our next voyage begins in one week, and
I hope to be able to visit you soon after.
April 8, 1796
Dear Christophe,
Edmund Genet is a hero! His efforts at expertly thwarting have greatly
helped the revolution. American President Washington is a fool to not support
our efforts and is even weaker than I thought if he feels compelled to withdraw
his support for France after a series of necessary. While these sentiments are
more relevant to a few years ago, they are brought up again by the actions of
John Jay. Again, we have an ineffective American representing his country in
international matters. He could not even get the British to agree to. Our
national heroes are at least a small bit more effective than these men. I will
send another letter soon to tell you what I have been doing with my time, but
right now I so desired to share my French pride with you, my friend.
Take care,
Charles
Shortly after John Adams assumed the presidency, the United States found
itself mired in a series of tense international disputes with the French and
British. Which of the following events resulted in the XYZ Affair?
U.S. passage of the Non-Importation Act of 1806
A French embargo placed on British goods in 1807
French declaration of the broken alliance between France and the United
States
Shortly after John Adams assumed the presidency, the United States found
itself mired in a series of tense international disputes with the French and
British. Which of the following events resulted in the XYZ Affair?
U.S. passage of the Non-Importation Act of 1806
A French embargo placed on British goods in 1807
French declaration of the broken alliance between France and the United
States
Shortly after John Adams assumed the presidency, the United States found
itself mired in a series of tense international disputes with the French and
British. Which of the following events resulted
Imagine you are a citizen of Chile in 1823
having a conversation with a friend on the street. Use the dropdown menus to
complete the conversation.
YOU: I am proud of my
efforts for my country. I was ready to sacrifice my life for, but thankfully I
am still here.
YOUR FRIEND: And I am glad of that as well. You are a good friend, and I am thankful
for all you have done.
YOU: Thank you. The
Monroe Doctrine is policy, in my opinion, but what do you think?
YOUR FRIEND: I agree, but now I wonder what the United States will expect in return.
YOU: There is a great
amount of energy in the city right now. Who knew independence from could be so invigorating!
YOUR FRIEND: I know. It seems everyone is breathing a sigh of relief.
YOU: However, I hope
this does not come with a hidden agenda.
YOUR FRIEND: Agreed. It seems necessary to be wary of the intentions of the United
States at this point.
YOU: This is a
historic time for the United States and its position in the world.
YOUR FRIEND: I would say. Denouncing by other world powers is a bold move for President
Monroe.
YOU: That’s true,
even if the doctrine was by Russia and Spain.
YOUR FRIEND: Even so, I will drink to our continued prosperity!
YOU: There is a great
amount of energy in the city right now. Who knew independence from could be so
invigorating!
YOUR FRIEND: I know. It seems everyone is breathing a sigh of relief.
YOU: However, I hope this
does not come with a hidden agenda.
YOUR FRIEND: Agreed. It seems necessary to be wary of the intentions of the United
States at this point.
During the presidency of Thomas Jefferson, the United States found itself
mired in a series of tense international disputes with the French and British.
Which of the following pieces of legislation did Congress pass in response to
the June 1807 British bombing of the Chesapeake?
Embargo Act of 1807
Non-Importation Act of 1806
Monroe Doctrine
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