Liberty University HIUS 221 Mindtap Activities 5 answers solutions

Liberty University HIUS 221 Mindtap Activities 5 answers solutions

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6.6 War of 1812

Which of the following groups opposed initiating war with Great Britain in 1812?

Federalists

 “War Hawks”

The Madison administration

Which of the following events led to U.S. acquisition of more than 20 million acres of land?

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend

The signing of the Treaty of Fort Wayne

The American naval victory on Lake Champlain

Which of the following Native American groups actively opposed white encroachment on western lands? Check all that apply.

Groups led by the Shawnee Indians Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh

Creek leaders who sold land to Anglo-Americans

The Red Sticks, comprised of militant nativist Creeks and Seminoles

Groups led by accommodationist leaders of the Mississippi

Statement	True	False
British troops under Sir Edward Pakenham scored a decisive victory at the Battle of New Orleans.
British and American negotiators established the conditions in the Treaty of Ghent prior to the Battle of New Orleans.
Great Britain and the United States signed the Treaty of Ghent once both realized neither would emerge victorious in the war.

Which of the following conditions did not inspire some Washington officials to seek a declaration of war against Great Britain?

The impressment of 6,000 American seamen

The British attack on Washington, D.C.

The Order of Council placing restrictions on American cargo ships

What was the effect of General Andrew Jackson’s victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend?

It resulted in the murder of Tecumseh and the eventual burning of York in Upper Canada.

It badly damaged the efforts of the Red Sticks, who suffered a large number of casualties and whose survivors fled.

It led to the defeat of Napoleon and the surrender of 10,000 redcoats in Canada.

Which of the following came to fruition as a direct result of the Battle of Tippecanoe? Check all that apply.

The burning of Prophetstown

The Treaty of Fort Wayne

The Louisiana Purchase

The strengthening of Shawnee allegiance to the British cause

Statement	True	False
General Andrew Jackson’s troops, including 600 free African American volunteers, badly defeated British general Sir Edward Pakenham’s troops at the Battle of New Orleans.
The outcome of the Battle of New Orleans decided the terms established in the Treaty of Ghent.
Great Britain and the United States signed the Treaty of Ghent only after the United States recognized the British as the victors of the war.

Which of the following battles effectively ended the civil war between the Creeks?

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend

The Battle of Tippecanoe

The Battle of New Orleans

Which of the following motivated militant Native American groups to oppose the expansionist policies of the United States? 

British attacks on American ships

The Treaty of Fort Wayne

The Battle of Tippecanoe

The Louisiana Purchase

Which of the following groups advocated for war with Great Britain and, as expressed by one of the members, wanted to prove to “the World, that we have not only inherited that liberty which our Fathers gave us, but also the will and power to maintain it”?

 “War Hawks”

Federalists

Red Sticks

Statement	True	False
American troops under General Andrew Jackson scored a decisive victory at the Battle of New Orleans.
Great Britain and the United States signed the Treaty of Ghent only after Britain recognized that the United States was the victor of the war.
The Battle of New Orleans occurred after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent.

6.5 Why Does This Matter? American Artifacts Lens

Indicate whether each statement about the star-spangled banner is true or false.

Statement	True	False
This flag flew over Fort McHenry during the War of 1812.
Pickersgill’s flag represented a new flag design that deviated from national standards.
What appear to be bright white patches on the flag are actually holes that have developed over time.

Statement	True	False
When Pickersgill made this flag, no one suspected it would still be a physical symbol of patriotic pride two hundred years later.
Along with normal fading and decay, cuttings taken from the flag accelerated its deterioration.
This flag was made to commemorate the American victory at Fort McHenry.

Why would Americans probably not have embraced an exact replica of this flag as a potent symbol of national pride?

What made this flag important was that it was the last to have fifteen stars and fifteen stripes.

What made this flag important was that it flew over Fort McHenry during a difficult battle.

What made this flag important was its unusual and distinctive design.

Statement	True	False
In Francis Scott Key’s poem, the star-spangled banner is important because it is a new design.
Today, Pickersgill’s flag is missing one of the original stars.
In 1814, immediately recognizing the symbolic importance of the flag, the U.S. government took custody of it.
Statement	True	False
The author suggests that the War of 1812 poorly prepared the American people for the struggles and suffering they would later experience during the Civil War.
According to the author, the true significance of Andrew Jackson’s victory in New Orleans was that it bolstered patriotism and favor for the war.
The author suggests that the facts of the War of 1812 were what drove support and enthusiasm for it.

Which statement best describes the author’s arguments about the effects the War of 1812 had on the American people?

The War of 1812 prepared the American people well for the harsh struggles of the Civil War.

The powerful patriotic ardor of the War of 1812 allowed Americans to see war as an abstraction and a source of pleasure that had little effect on their day-to-day lives.

The spectacular disasters of the War of 1812 destroyed a new wave of patriotic ardor that might have seen the country through the sectional conflicts that followed.

Which statement best captures the author’s arguments about the role patriotism played in the War of 1812?

The powerful patriotic ardor of the War of 1812 distracted Americans from recognizing the war’s costs.

Without the patriotic ardor of the American people, the military might not have been spurred to its remarkable series of victories.

Politicians used Americans’ patriotic ardor to cover up the extensive corruption and graft that occurred during the war.

Determine whether each statement applies to the star-spangled banner, to Nicole Eustace’s article, or to both.

Statement	Star-Spangled Banner	Article	Both
This source would be useful to historians analyzing the social and cultural meanings of the War of 1812.
This is a primary source.
This source reflects on the experience of the Civil War.
Examining this source can tell historians something about how Americans commemorated the War of 1812.

Which of the following most accurately reflects the author’s comparison between the War of 1812 and the Civil War?

The War of 1812 prepared the American people well for the harsh struggles of the Civil War.

The War of 1812 and the Civil War were both characterized by sustained patriotic ardor that was shared by all Americans.

Ordinary Americans experienced the action of the War of 1812 at a distance, but they were fully immersed in the grim struggles of the Civil War.

Why might the Armistead family have allowed war veterans and important people to take cuttings from the flag?

Swatches of the flag were regarded as powerful patriotic relics, and receiving them would have been a great honor that reflected the recipient’s patriotism.

The flag was so large that its fabric could be put to productive reuse for other purposes.

The Armistead family did not understand that the flag was a potent symbol of American pride and were careless with it.

Statement

Statement	Star-Spangled Banner	Article	Both
This source involves the consideration of how objects and events can become abstract symbols.
This source represents the expression of patriotic ardor.
This source concerns the War of 1812.
This source provides sufficient contextual information to fully understand it by itself.

6.7 An Expanding Nation

In the 1780s, expansion efforts to the north and south of the Ohio River were met with resistance by Native Americans. Cherokees, Creeks, and Shawnees banded together to battle for their land along the borders. The Washington Administration attempted to end hostilities with, but a disliked and dishonest governor botched the negotiations. As similar hostilities began north of the Ohio River, Native Americans banded together to have an even wider defense. However, after being defeated by Washington in 1794 and ending their alliance with, Native Americans in the north ceded a large portion of land to the United States.

YOU: I feel that this is a prosperous time for the Spanish in North America.

YOUR FRIEND: I agree, but I am wary of opening our territory to American settlers. What if they infringe on our holdings in Mexico?

YOU: That is a valid concern, especially after the Nootka Convention wiped away our stake in.

Imagine that you are a Spanish settler in 1790, and you are talking with your son about your recent travels from Florida to New Mexico. Use the dropdown menus to complete the conversation.

YOU: Are you happy to see me home? I hope it is not a surprise, since passage across Texas is now.

YOUR SON: I want to hear all of your stories. Did you see any Apaches up close?

YOU: Thankfully I did not, but I did see some surprising sights while in Florida. The promise of free land has caused some Protestants to agree to.

Expansion to the north and south of the Ohio River in the 1780s brought white settlers in close contact with Native Americans. In Kentucky and Tennessee, settlers encountered militant, referred to as Chickamaugas. With the failure of negotiations and the death of their leader, the Chickamaugas were defeated after the stopped providing them with supplies. Those who remained joined Native Americans fighting in the north, establishing a wide defensive. These efforts proved futile, and the Native Americans were defeated at in 1794.

Imagine that you are reading the editorial section of a newspaper in 1819. However, some of the words have been smudged by rain. Using your knowledge of westward exploration and expansion after 1803, use the dropdown menus to complete the article.

Expansion Now and Then

Our Senate has finally emerged from weeks of debate with a decided version of the Missouri Compromise. Among its list of provisions, all lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase that are north of the southern border of Missouri, with the exception of Arkansas, will now. But as this article’s title suggests, I want to reflect on the intentions of the original Louisiana Purchase in 1803.

This was a time of rapid expansion and change in our nation’s history. If not for the efforts of Robert Livingston, we may have never made the Louisiana Purchase and  the size of the United States. Had this original growth not occurred, the efforts of Lewis and Clark may not have been commissioned, and our efforts to may not have occurred.

Let this be a reminder that for every decision made today, there’s a historical event (or two) that made it possible.

Progress That Divides Us

Here we are, the North and the South, a nation divided. When members of the Senate deliberated for weeks over the Missouri Compromise, I imagine that dividing the nation was not one of their intended goals. First on their minds was creating a balance between the numbers of slave and free states. As a result, Missouri was admitted to the Union along with. While there were a number of other measures included in this compromise, listing them will not help us to remember the excitement we once had for advancing this great nation.

Think back to the time of the Louisiana Purchase. Jefferson had just reduced dominance west of the Mississippi and, more important, believed he had extended the life of the republic by providing space for future generations of Americans.

With each step forward, we must not take two steps back. If Lewis and Clark had lived by these rules, they never would have set out for the. This article is intended not to provide a history lesson, but to serve as a reminder of a time when Americans were unified by a common purpose.

During the 1780s, white settlement beyond the original colonies increased as families sought. This expansion was met with resistance by Native Americans who inhabited these lands. Governor of the Tennessee territory William Blount was sent to negotiate with the Native Americans. Blount was unsuccessful and fighting continued, as Native Americans on both sides of the Ohio River united to battle the settlers. Ultimately, dwindling supplies due to war in Europe and the end of an alliance with the caused the Native Americans to sign in 1795 and cede much of what is present-day Ohio.

A New Expedition

I do not think had any idea that his selling of the Louisiana Territory to the United States would ultimately divide our nation. If so, he might have done so sooner. However, here we are making daily use of the terms “the North” and “the South” to describe our United States.

While I understand the need to continue to have debates on the topic of, I cannot help but think that we do not need to weaken our united front in doing so.

We need clever guides through the months ahead. Much like Lewis and Clark, when they accepted the challenge of across uncharted territory, we need to find similarly amicable stewards in our navigation of these troubled times. I do not wish to make light of our current situation, but I want all readers to remember that Americans have prospered in unknown territory before.

7.2 Building a National Economy

Which of these conditions helped establish the foundation for a market revolution in the United States?

Extremely low tariffs

High levels of deflation

Increased availability of credit

Which transportation structure, completed in 1825, was the longest of its kind at 363 miles?

The Erie Canal

The National Road

The Transcontinental Railroad

Which of these conditions helped establish the foundation for a market revolution in the United States?

Increased ease of transportation

Decreased acceptance of protectionist policies

Stronger state governments

Which public works project connected a major river to Wheeling, Virginia?

Route 66

The National Road

The New Jersey Turnpike

Which vehicles revolutionized transportation in the United States by quickly carrying passengers and cargo along the country’s system of rivers and lakes?

Flat-bottom punts

Steamboats

Inflatable rafts

Which of these statements accurately reflect the regional developments that contributed to the nineteenth-century market revolution? Check all that apply.

The invention of the safety razor spurred a manufacturing boom in the Mid-Atlantic coastal region.

Increased global demand for cotton helped enrich some Southern farmers.

The first motion pictures created new entertainment opportunities across New England.

The area known as the Old Northwest experienced a major boom in commercial farming.

Which of these conditions helped establish the foundation for a market revolution in the United States?

Uncontrolled inflation

Changing views of the role of the federal government

Decreased stability in the banking system

Which of these statements accurately reflect the regional developments that contributed to the nineteenth-century market revolution? Check all that apply.

Women in the Northeast began to perform piecework production in addition to their farm duties.

The invention of the cotton gin made cotton production in the South less expensive.

The first Model T automobiles revolutionized factory production in the Southwest.

Booming demand for radio components led to a major increase in manufacturing in the Old Southwest.

Which public works project connected a major river to Wheeling, Virginia?

Route 66

The New Jersey Turnpike

The National Road

7.2 Building a National Economy

Transportation improvements and government support for economic activity in the early nineteenth century enabled the American economy to develop in unique but interconnected ways. The economy of the Northeast centered increasingly around industrial products, but not entirely so. Which of the following items were important parts of the Northeast’s economy, according to the map? Check all that apply.

Dairy

Shoes

Rice and sugar

Tobacco

Fruits

Which of the following posed an obstacle during the construction of the Erie Canal?

The builders of the canal faced several natural obstacles and the devastating effects of disease on the labor force.

The proposed canal route lay along a flat terrain, with only trees and limited natural bodies of water in the way.

The inability to find the necessary labor force hampered construction of the canal.

Which of these was a consequence of the canal’s success?

It spurred the development of professional engineering programs in colleges and universities across the country.

For a time, it established Buffalo as the economic hub of the United States.

It vindicated Governor DeWitt Clinton to the skeptics who had called the endeavor “Clinton’s Ditch.”

Transportation improvements and government support for economic activity in the early nineteenth century enabled the American economy to develop in unique but interconnected ways. The economy of the Old Northwest focused on commercial agriculture, producing needed commodities for the rapidly expanding economies of the Northeast and South. According to the map, which of the following items were among the most important products of the Old Northwest economy? Check all that apply.

Lumber

Rice and sugar

Dairy

Fruits

Flour

Which of these statements accurately reflect the regional developments that contributed to the nineteenth-century market revolution? Check all that apply.

The invention of the telephone led to a telecommunications boom in the regional hub of New England.

The Boston Manufacturing Company emerged as the first factory in the country to perform all steps of the production process.

Railroad expansion into the Old Northwest made agricultural specialization profitable.

Plummeting demand for cotton decimated the southern economy.

Transportation improvements and government support for economic activity in the early nineteenth century enabled the American economy to develop in unique but interconnected ways. The economy of the South came to be dominated by slave-grown cotton in the first half of the nineteenth century. According to the map, however, the region produced other important commodities, including which of the following? Check all that apply.

Tobacco

Fruits

Dairy

Timber

Textiles

Transportation improvements and government support for economic activity in the early nineteenth century enabled the American economy to develop in unique but interconnected ways. The economy of the Old Northwest focused on commercial agriculture, producing needed commodities for the rapidly expanding economies of the Northeast and South. According to the map, which of the following items were among the most important products of the Old Northwest economy? Check all that apply.

Rice and sugar

Corn and wheat

Fruits

Iron and steel

Cattle

How did the completed Erie Canal contribute to the rise of Albany, Syracuse, Rochester, and Buffalo as “boomtowns”?

Revenue-generating tolls were instituted at each town, which allowed them to flourish exponentially.

Stops in these towns were required by all barges as part of Governor Clinton’s economic plan.

As communities along this new and heavily traveled transportation corridor, they facilitated the import and export of a wide variety of goods and people.

Which of the following statements best describes the consequences of the construction of the Erie Canal?

The completion of the canal contributed to the growth of the economy of New York City but failed to stimulate the economies of cities and areas in western New York.

The completion of the canal not only contributed to expanded settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains but also stimulated the economic growth of cities linked to the canal, from New York City in the east to Buffalo in the west.

The completion of the canal did not provide the hoped-for growth of western New York or expand the state’s economy.

Which of these groups of people was responsible for the design and construction of the Erie Canal?

A collaborative group of students and established professional engineers

Skilled, professional engineers

Amateur civil engineers

Which of these was a consequence of the canal’s success?

It spurred the development of professional engineering programs in colleges and universities across the country.

For a time, it established Buffalo as the economic hub of the United States.

It vindicated Governor DeWitt Clinton to the skeptics who had called the endeavor “Clinton’s Ditch.”

Which of the following is not a feature of the Erie Canal?

From the beginning, steam-powered vessels navigated the canal’s waterway.

The canal featured a 363-mile waterway that linked New York City to Buffalo along Lake Erie.

The construction of aqueducts and locks allowed ships to overcome natural obstacles such as rivers and differences in elevation.

9.2 The Second Party System

Fill in the blanks to complete the following paragraph.

won the 1828 election, receivingof the electoral vote and 647,286 popular votes, orof all ballots cast. He carried the entire nation with the exception of states in such as Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. The winning candidate, who campaigned as a true man of the people, benefitted from the democratization of American politics after 1824, when many state legislatures made judicial offices elective and. He also had the advantage of having New York senator Martin Van Buren behind him pioneering new strategies such as bonfires, speeches, barbecues, and to turn out the vote for his candidate.

 won the 1828 election, receivingof the electoral vote and 647,286 popular votes, orof all ballots cast. He carried the entire nation with the exception of states in such as Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The winning candidate, who campaigned as a true man of the people, benefitted from the democratization of American politics after 1824, when many state legislatures lowered property requirements and. He also had the advantage of having New York senator Martin Van Buren behind him pioneering new strategies such as speeches, bonfires, the first campaign song, and to turn out the vote for his candidate.

William Henry Harrison, the candidate for president, won the popular vote in 1840 by a margin ofto. He won the electoral vote by a landslide, however, taking nineteen of twenty-six states. Martin Van Buren won only sixty electoral votes, taking three states in the South and three in the West: Missouri, Arkansas, and. Harrison shed his party’s elitist reputation, becoming the first candidate to go on the campaign trail. At festive rallies, his campaign served hard cider to crowds, convincing voters that Harrison was a man of the people, a humble Midwesterner who had been born in a log cabin. Voters rallied to Harrison’s campaign slogan, electing this former general with no strong political opinions over Van Buren, a career politician whose love of silk vests made his claim to represent the common man look hypocritical.

Determine whether each description applies to the presidential election of 1824 or the presidential election of 1828.

Description	1824	1828
Had higher voter turnout
Clouded by suspicion of a “corrupt bargain”
Included four strong candidates

Description	1824	1828
Included two candidates
Was won by John Quincy Adams
Resulted in Henry Clay’s appointment as secretary of state

Description	1824	1828
Was won by John Quincy Adams
Included two candidates
Resulted in Henry Clay’s appointment as secretary of state

After the election of 1832, those opposed to Andrew Jackson began to call themselves.

Henry Clay claimed that Andrew Jackson had both corrupted the government with the and disregarded morality when dealing with Native Americans.

Which of the following statements about President William Henry Harrison are true? Check all that apply.

He campaigned for president with the slogan “Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too.”

He died after giving the longest inaugural speech in history.

He was a Democrat.

Which of the following statements about President James K. Polk are true? Check all that apply.

He ran for president on the Liberty Party ticket.

He opposed annexing parts of Mexico.

He was nominated through an acrimonious convention process.

William Henry Harrison, the candidate for president, won the popular vote in 1840 by a margin of to. He won the electoral vote by a landslide, however, taking nineteen of twenty-six states. Martin Van Buren won only sixty electoral votes, taking three states in the West and three in the South: Alabama, South Carolina, and. Harrison shed his party’s elitist reputation, becoming the first candidate to go on the campaign trail. At festive rallies, his campaign served hard cider to crowds, convincing voters that Harrison was a man of the people, a humble Midwesterner who had been born in a log cabin. Voters rallied to Harrison’s campaign slogan, electing this former general with no strong political opinions over Van Buren, a career politician whose love of silk vests made his claim to represent the common man look hypocritical.

won the vote in the election of 1824, receiving 153,544 ballots, nearly as much as his two closest opponents combined. Because, however, the election was decided by the House of Representatives. Once in the House, the fourth-place candidate, who happened to be Speaker of the House, threw his support behind second-place candidate John Adams. The Speaker had won three states in the West (Kentucky, Missouri, and), and their electoral votes went to Adams, allowing him to win the presidency. Two weeks later, Adams appointed the former Speaker as secretary of state, leaving many to speculate that he had promised the post in return for the presidency.

Description	1824	1828
Was won by Andrew Jackson
Featured the first campaign song
Was decided by the House of Representatives

William Wirt, the candidate for the Party, declared himself opposed to all conspiracies and corruptions.

Which of the following statements about President Martin Van Buren are true? Check all that apply.

He was a Democrat.

He campaigned for president with the slogan “Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too.”

He died in office.

Which statement best describes President Andrew Jackson’s policies toward Native Americans?

Jackson took a hard-line approach, supporting policies that forcibly removed Native Americans from their homes and relocated them.

Jackson did not wish to get the federal government involved with Native Americans and took a hands-off approach.

Jackson took a soft approach, refusing to remove Native Americans from lands demanded by white settlers.

Which of the following statements about President James K. Polk are true? Check all that apply.

He was nominated through an acrimonious convention process.

He opposed annexing parts of Mexico.

He ran for president on the Liberty Party ticket.

True or False: Jackson was considered the “People’s President” by all Americans.

True

False

True or False: Andrew Jackson had a deep and lasting impact on the structure of the federal government.

True

False

Which of the following enabled Andrew Jackson to become a national hero?

The corruption and elitism of national politics did not taint Jackson’s reputation.

Jackson proved himself capable and valiant on the battlefield against the British and Native Americans.

Jackson came from an elite background, allowing him to hold prominent positions within the federal government and to gain the trust of the American public.

9.1 Picturing History

The Second Party System in the United States included the Democrats and the Whigs. The Whig Party was nationalistic, focused on. Whigs supported an expanded transportation network, the national bank, and. Whig supporters included merchants, manufacturers, and.

The Second Party System in the United States included the Democrats and the Whigs. One fundamental difference between the philosophies of these two parties rested on disagreements between the balance of power between. The Democrats feared the concentration of power in a central government, whereas the Whigs believed this entity would be best suited to grow the economy through protective tariffs, a national bank, and building.

The Second Party System in the United States included the Democrats and the Whigs. The Democrats were the party of the “common man,” focused on the preservation of. Although the Democrats supported and promoted expansion of the United States westward, they rejected expansion of transportation infrastructure, social reforms, and. Democrats had supporters that included farmers, laborers, and.

7.6 Cultural Renaissance

Starting in the 1830s, artist George Catlin spent time living in communities, where he found the inspiration for his drawings and paintings.

Margaret Fuller edited a magazine called The Dial, which published the writings of fellow such as Emerson and Thoreau.

Bronson Alcott was a member of the group known as the transcendentalists. In the 1840s, he and eighty others established, a utopian community.

Drawn from his years of travel and environmental observation, the paintings of captured the images of numerous American birds.

Description	Person
Throughout the 1840s, he published a number of popular, dark short stories, as well as poems such as “The Raven.”
A pro-slavery advocate from South Carolina, he wrote and lectured on topics related to transcendentalism.
He drew many visitors to attractions ranging from Tom Thumb to the Feejee Mermaid.

Transcendentalist carried out an “experiment” near Concord’s Walden Pond in which he lived in the woods and tried to live in a self-sufficient manner.

Drawn from his years of travel and environmental observation, the paintings of captured the images of numerous American birds.

Description	Person
Tapping into public interest in the supernatural, he published many popular short stories, such as “The Pit and the Pendulum.”
From his home in Concord, Massachusetts, he began the transcendentalist movement.
An English-born painter, he became well-known for his American landscapes.

Description	Person
A prominent artist, he founded a movement known as the Hudson River School.
He created a museum of “curiosities” that capitalized on public interest in the macabre.
The child of a distinguished family of ministers, he believed there was a greater truth to be found in the rhythms of nature.

9.3 Parties and Philosophies

Determine whether each description applies to the Democrats or to the Whigs.

Description	Democrats	Whigs
Believed the country’s future lay in commerce and industry
Advocated for states’ rights
Opposed corporate charters

Andrew Jackson used the system to. Although he replaced only about 10% of officeholders, his means of doing so made the system look like corrupt politics rather than reform.

saw himself as a charged with fixing the federal government. However, several scandals, including his appointment of John Eaton as secretary of war, made the process of fixing the federal government difficult.

Why was John Tyler known as "His Accidency"?

He was elected only after his opponent was embroiled in a scandal.

He took office after the death of President Harrison.

He was elected after a tie in the electoral college sent the election to the House of Representatives.

Why did Daniel Webster remain on John Tyler’s cabinet?

To position himself for a future campaign for the presidency

Because the Constitution mandates a four-year term for secretaries of state

To complete the negotiation of a treaty with England

Description	Democrats	Whigs
Perceived by opponents as elitist
Supported strengthening the federal government
Opposed paper currency and a national bank

saw himself as a charged with fixing the federal government. However, several scandals, including his appointment of John Eaton as secretary of war, made the process of fixing the federal government difficult.

Why did Daniel Webster remain on John Tyler’s cabinet?

To position himself for a future campaign for the presidency

Because the Constitution mandates a four-year term for secre

To complete the negotiation of a treaty with England

President Jackson’s practice of led his opponents to charge him with the government, rather than cleaning house, which is what Jackson believed he was doing.

What was the purpose of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty?

To set a higher rate of taxation for imports from Britain and the West Indies

To define the boundary with Canada and establish joint patrols to intercept slave ships

To define the maritime boundary between the United States and Mexico and set tariff rates for cotton

9.4 Why Does This Matter? Economic Lens

Identify each statement about President Jackson’s veto message as either true or false.

Statement	True	False
According to the text, Jackson thinks the bank serves only elite interests.
Jackson thinks the proposed bank charter infringes on the rights of the states.
Jackson is concerned that foreign investors could easily use the bank in a hostile way in wartime.

Statement	True	False
Jackson thinks that allowing a foreign power to control America’s economy would be worse than a military invasion.
Jackson sees no reason to have a national bank at all.
Jackson believes that foreign investors receive greater financial gains from bank stock than Americans do.

Statement	True	False
Jackson thinks that only Americans should hold stock in the bank.
Jackson believes that it is the job of institutions like the bank to reduce inequalities in society.
Jackson thinks that the wealthy exert too much influence over the government.

What does Jackson believe about inequality in society?

It is the task of government to minimize inequality.

The structures of government naturally mirror inequalities in society.

Some degree of inequality is naturally produced by differences in talent, education, and wealth.

Though foreign shareholders cannot vote in the bank’s annual meetings, why does Jackson consider this an inadequate protection against foreign intrusion?

Foreign shareholders have been petitioning the bank to change its policy.

Foreign shareholders might still interfere with the progress of annual meetings.

Foreign shareholders might enlist the support of disloyal American shareholders who can vote.

What does the veto message tell us about Jackson’s beliefs about social class? Check all that apply.

Jackson feels a strong connection to laborers and farmers.

Jackson thinks that the wealthy are naturally superior to other Americans.

Jackson believes that the government’s job is to redistribute wealth.

Jackson believes that government ought not amplify distinctions among social classes.

How does Jackson think the bank hurts ordinary Americans? Check all that apply.

The earnings of ordinary Americans finance an institution that benefits only the wealthy few.

Ordinary Americans can neither buy stock in the bank nor participate in a competing institution.

Without the bank, American society would naturally gravitate toward an equal distribution of wealth.

When the bank calls in its loans, it destabilizes the American economy.

Aside from constitutional concerns, what are President Jackson’s primary objections to the Bank of the United States? Check all that apply.

The bank benefits only a few hundred of the wealthiest Americans.

Citizens should not be in debt to their government.

The bank has been managed badly.

The bank provides economic benefits to foreign shareholders that it does not provide to Americans.

Statement	True	False
The author describes a tension in the dominant culture of the early republic to explain why the early banking system was haphazard and controversial.
In presenting examples of Jackson’s class rhetoric, the author wants to advance the argument that the president was a champion of the working class.
The author wants to intervene in the historical debate over Jackson’s legacy by suggesting questions scholars might ask, rather than by making a decisive argument.

In describing the nature of banking in the early nineteenth century, the author may want to challenge the view that Jackson’s stubbornness was the only cause of the Bank War.
This article demonstrates that historians must have brand-new evidence to present in order to make compelling arguments.
The author probably thinks there is as much value in examining what historical actors intended as there is in looking at what they actually did.

According to the author, what principle undergirded Jackson’s veto message?

Foreign shareholders should not be allowed to invest in American institutions.

The executive branch retains the right to make judgments on Constitutional issues.

The federal government should not privilege the interests of some citizens over others.

The author implies that historians have overlooked what he sees as the most important element of Jackson’s veto message: In, Jackson communicated an idea that .

Though Andrew Jackson claimed repeatedly that the bank was, the author points out that disagreed

Statement	True	False
In pointing out the varied interpretations of Jackson’s relationship to capitalism and class, the author intends to suggest that opposite conclusions can be drawn from the same evidence.
The author provides enough clear evidence for a reader to develop a decisive judgment about Jackson’s legacy.
In raising a question about how Jackson’s understanding of the government’s obligation to ensure equality might have applied to Native and African Americans, the author may hope that others explore the issue in their own work.

Neither Jackson nor Feller asserts clearly whether the veto message is against “capitalist dominion” or a defense of enterprise.

True

False

Why did Andrew Jackson resent Nicholas Biddle’s offer to assume the rest of the national debt in exchange for rechartering the bank early?

Jackson believed that state banks could assume the national debt.

Jackson believed Biddle was just trying to create wealth for his own investments.

Jackson perceived the offer as close to bribery.

According to the author, Jackson’s veto message captures an important tension in American culture in the 1820s and 1830s. Americans both prized the pursuit of wealth and resented any hint of. The political ideology of Jackson’s veto message can be interpreted in multiple ways. Historians have used the ideas he expresses to argue that Jackson was both a champion and an opponent of.

Why does the author say that “one cannot fully appreciate Jacksonian, and indeed American, politics without confronting his Bank Veto”?

A long tradition of political inclusion can be traced to the bank veto.

Historians have not been able to make up their minds about Jackson’s legacy because the bank veto expresses ideas about equality that are inconsistent with Jackson’s actions.

The bank veto encapsulates Jackson’s political ideology and reflects the nation’s political culture.

Indicate whether each description applies to Jackson’s veto message, Feller’s reassessment, or both.

Description	Jackson	Feller	Both
Jackson’s major objections to the Bank of the United States are listed.
Other participants in the events surrounding the Bank War are named.
This text raises questions about the extent to which inclusive rhetoric actually embraces the whole of society.
This author lays out an argument about constitutionality that requires contextual historical information in order for readers to make a judgment about it.

reassessment, or both.

Description	Jackson	Feller	Both
This text acknowledges that a national bank could be very useful.
This text raises the issue of states’ rights.
This text takes a clear argumentative position on a political issue.
This author names the consequences of vetoing the bank’s recharter.

True or False: Daniel Feller argues that Andrew Jackson didn’t fully appreciate the implications of his own call for political inclusiveness.

False

True

10.5 Natives and Newcomers

Cherokee leader adapted quite well to the prevailing white Protestant culture, joining the Methodist church and working in the political system to advance his tribe’s interests.

Major Supreme Court cases such as favored Native American tribes but failed to help them, as federal officials refused to act on the court’s decisions.

Much of the tensions between Anglo settlers and Native American tribes came from persistent struggles over both and culture.

One method the federal government used to forcibly relocate Native Americans was the passage of the Act, which allocated land in Oklahoma for Native Americans who were uprooted from their homes in a large region of the southern United States.

Identify each statement as either true or false.

Statement	True	False
Osceola, leader of the Seminoles in Florida, employed white deserters to act as spies, a strategy that allowed Seminoles to briefly overpower both Spanish and Anglo settlers.
Native Americans such as Sarah Winnemucca of the Paiute tribe had to take steps to prevent young girls from being kidnapped or attacked by white men.
In order to remove Native Americans from Florida, the federal government launched the Second Seminole War, which lasted nearly seven years.
Black Hawk and his men killed more than 2,000 white soldiers before being executed on an Illinois battlefield.

Statement	True	False
In order to remove Native Americans from Florida, the federal government launched the Second Seminole War, which lasted nearly seven years.
Native Americans such as Sarah Winnemucca of the Paiute tribe had to take steps to prevent young girls from being kidnapped or attacked by white men.
Black Hawk and his men killed more than 2,000 white soldiers before being executed on an Illinois battlefield.
Osceola, leader of the Seminoles in Florida, employed white deserters to act as spies, a strategy that allowed Seminoles to briefly overpower both Spanish and Anglo settlers.

Native American tribes that had adopted the customs of Anglo Americans by the 1820s were considered by whites to be

In an act of defiance, President refused to act in accord with multiple Supreme Court decisions, forcing Native Americans to relocate in a brutal death march.

Statement	True	False
Native Americans such as Sarah Winnemucca had to completely abandon trade, fearing that goods from white settlers were infected with diseases.
While tribes led by Black Hawk were away on a hunting expedition, their lands along the Mississippi River were violently captured by white men.
Osceola, leader of the Shoshone tribe, negotiated with Lewis and Clark to receive herds of buffalo in Nebraska as long as the tribe agreed to cede the rights to its lands in Utah.
The Trail of Tears resulted in the deaths of about a quarter of eastern Cherokees.